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---
name: translation
description: Translate Chinese↔English Buddhist/Dharma content — register guidance from Mindfulness Bell corpus, tone, voice, cultural bridging technique.
inputs: source.dj (Chinese djot), or .docx via docx2dj.fish
outputs: target.dj (English djot), bilingual.dj, edit-suggestions.dj
---
# Translation
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ Quick-find in index: Thầy talks → `"Thích Nhất Hạnh"` + page ≤ 10; te
### Pre-flight accuracy check
Before delivering a translation, run through the structured accuracy/readability
taxonomy in `skills/translation-review/references/common-issues-taxonomy.md`.
taxonomy in `../self-review/references/common-issues-taxonomy.md`.
Catching these before review saves iteration cycles:
- Omission, over-literal renderings, over-free renderings, subject confusion,
overtranslation, terminology errors
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ Read the English aloud — if a sentence can't be spoken in one breath, fix it.
These are common patterns (not an exhaustive list). For the full taxonomy with
more categories and examples, read
`../translation-review/references/common-issues-taxonomy.md`.
`../self-review/references/common-issues-taxonomy.md`.
Examples of systematic adjustments:
@@ -112,18 +114,58 @@ Examples of systematic adjustments:
contractions, direct address, concrete images. If the English reads like a
paper abstract, warm it up. Check against the MB corpus registers for the
target genre.
6. **Review-specific calques**. For *人生百问*-style Q&A, check the pattern
tables in `../self-review/references/translation-pitfalls.md` for recurring
stiff calques ("keen on," "more ultimate," "choice difficulty," etc.) and
the Buddhist-term register notes in `../self-review/references/buddhist-terminology.md`.
Do NOT apply these mechanically — each is a judgment call. A passive may be
correct when the agent is unknown; a nominalization may be the right technical
term. The goal is natural English that matches the source's register, not a
formulaic rewrite.
## Quality Gates (Before Declaring Done)
Run this self-check before you hand off a first-pass translation. The goal is to
catch the most expensive errors while they are still cheap to fix. For the full
post-translation review workflows, load `self-review` and `other-review`.
### Accuracy
- [ ] **Line parity**: source and target line counts match exactly.
- [ ] **No missing content**: every Chinese paragraph, quote, poem, or rhetorical
climax has a corresponding English rendering.
- [ ] **No overtranslation**: no parenthetical expansions or explanations not in
the source.
- [ ] **Terminology**: key Buddhist terms checked against the MPI terms DB
(`terms-search` skill). Consistent within the file.
- [ ] **Source faithfulness**: no concepts added, no details dropped.
### Readability
- [ ] **Active voice**: abstract/subjectless passives converted to "we" or a
concrete agent where possible.
- [ ] **Noun → verb**: `the propagation of` → `spread`; `placed emphasis on` →
`emphasized`.
- [ ] **Sentence length**: no sentence that cannot be spoken in one breath; split
at natural breaks.
- [ ] **Plain vocabulary**: `constitute` → `is/make up`; `facilitate` → `help`;
`endeavor to` → `try to`.
- [ ] **Register**: match the genre — Dharma talks and dialogues should sound
spoken, not like paper abstracts.
- [ ] **Concrete over abstract**: `mode of existence` → `way of living`;
`ideological content` → `ideas`.
### Final pass
Read the entire English target aloud. If anything stalls, rephrase it.
## Meditation / Mindfulness Content
When translating guided meditation scripts, exercise guides, or posture instructions
(rather than Dharma talks), use a lighter workflow. See `references/meditation-translation.md`.
## Pitfalls
## Other Pitfalls
### article-specific scripts
@@ -138,4 +180,4 @@ Create article-specific scripts per `references/proofread-pdf-workflow.md`.
- `references/bilingual-format.md` — bilingual.dj layout: source/target adjacent, blank separator between pairs
- `references/diacritics-convention.md` — diacritics rules
- `references/proofread-pdf-workflow.md` — pattern for creating article-specific PDF-vs-DOCX comparison scripts
- `../translation-review/references/common-issues-taxonomy.md` (cross-skill) — structured accuracy/readability checklist for pre-flight review
- `../self-review/references/common-issues-taxonomy.md` (cross-skill) — structured accuracy/readability checklist for pre-flight review