add translation-review-comment skill and doc review workflow
- skills/translation-review-comment/SKILL.md: 14 rules distilled from 473 Wade editor comments across 3 manuscripts - translate-files/佛法与企业管理/review-comments.dj: manual comment reference for maple's translation (anchored comments not possible via API) - docs/google-docs-comment-journey.dj: full journey log from OAuth setup to discovering Google Drive API's anchor limitation
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# Common Translation Issues Taxonomy
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From 译文常见问题与案例示范 (Common Issues in Translation, 2026-03-30).
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Categorized by accuracy and readability.
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## Accuracy Issues
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Standard: convey meaning at the content level, not word-by-word correspondence.
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"Translation is not simply word conversion."
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"You must understand what thought it is actually trying to express."
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### 1. Omission (漏翻)
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Content present in source but absent from target.
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Example:
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> 随着黑白牌的运用，象征这部分已能为大家提供系统的学习和训练资料。
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>
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> With the help of the Black-and-White Cards, this approach now offers a structured
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> system of study.
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>
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> *Missing:* 学习和训练 (learning and training) — "study" only covers half.
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> Also: 象征这部分 (symbolizing this aspect) is dropped.
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### 2. Mistranslation (错翻)
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#### a. Over-free translation, weakening the original
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> "道德"一词，人们耳熟能详。即使在道德日渐边缘化的今天，人们依然会用"这人
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> 很有道德""这么做太缺德了"来评价周遭人事。
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>
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> "Morality" is a familiar term, and even in today's world, where it has become
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> increasingly marginalized, expressions like "immorality" are still commonly used
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> to describe certain behaviors and individuals.
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>
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> *Issue:* The source gives two concrete colloquial expressions ("这人很有道德" /
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> "这么做太缺德了") — the target collapses them into a single abstract "expressions
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> like 'immorality'." The vividness and specificity are lost.
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#### b. Over-literal translation, harming comprehension
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> 作为素菜馆，应该尽量提供绿色食品。
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>
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> A vegetarian restaurant should strive to offer green food.
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>
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> *Issue:* 绿色食品 = "safe and healthy food" (Chinese idiom), not
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> "green food" (color of food in English). → `safe and healthy options`
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#### c. Misunderstanding the source
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> 政府现在倡导文化自信，习主席提出的"讲仁爱，重民本，守诚信，崇正义，尚和合，求大同"。
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>
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> President Xi Jinping has called for a confident embrace of Chinese culture,
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> highlighting virtues such as...
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>
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> *Issue:* Two different subjects: the government advocates cultural confidence;
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> Xi proposed the six virtues. The target merges both into Xi alone.
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#### d. Wrong word choice causing misunderstanding
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> 提供一些通俗易懂的法宝
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>
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> with easy Buddhist materials
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>
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> *Issue:* 通俗易懂 means "accessible to a general audience," not "easy/simple."
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> The Dharma can be accessible but is never "simple." → `accessible`
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### 3. Overtranslation (多翻)
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Adding parentheticals or expansions not in the source.
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> 出家人不仅要对三宝、师长、道友建立没有染污的情感
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>
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> Monastics should cultivate pure and untainted emotions not only toward the Three
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> Jewels (the Buddha, the Dharma, the Sangha), their teachers (The Head Monk and
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> Abbot), and fellow practitioners...
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>
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> *Issue:* Parenthetical expansions like "(the Buddha, the Dharma, the Sangha)"
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> and "(The Head Monk and Abbot)" are not in the source and should be removed.
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### 4. Terminology Errors
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- 身心 → `body and heart mind` → should be `body and mind`
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- 甘露别院 → `Ganlu Bieyuan The Amrita Retreat Center` → official: `Amrita Retreat Center`
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- "六字" → `six characters` → should be `six words`
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### 5. Detail-Level Issues
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- Tone appropriateness
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- Citation source authority
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- CN→EN conversion rules: numerals, units, date formats
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- Proper noun handling: transliteration vs. translation
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## Readability Issues
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Standard: fluent sentences, graceful expression, matching target reader habits.
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"Conform to what foreign readers find readable."
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"Concise, clear, accurate, not draggy, meaning clear."
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### 1. Redundancy & Wordiness
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#### a. Long / nested sentences
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Sentences with too many clauses that can't be read in one breath. Split them.
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#### b. Passive voice overuse
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> 如果对肉食消费得少，乃至完全不消费，那么从业者自然随之减少，很多动物就可以摆脱被屠宰、割截的厄运。
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>
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> If meat consumption were reduced, or even eliminated entirely, then the number of
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> businesses involved would naturally be lessened. This way, many animals could be
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> spared from the adversity of being slaughtered and butchered.
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>
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> *Issue:* Three passives in two sentences. Active rewrite is more concise:
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> *If people consume less meat — or none at all — fewer will work in the industry,
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> and many animals will be spared the fate of slaughter and dismemberment.*
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#### c. Nominalization (动词名词化)
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> 我们前期倡导的正念禅修，比较重视培养觉知。
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>
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> In the early stages of mindfulness practice, we placed greater emphasis on
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> cultivating awareness.
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>
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> *Issue:* "placed greater emphasis on" is nominalized. → `we emphasized`
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### 2. Poor Structure (结构不当)
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Top-heavy sentences — the main clause arrives too late.
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> 没有如法的生活，不能严格要求自己，在今天这个红尘滚滚的时代，我们简直是没希望的。
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>
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> Weathering today's deluge of worldly temptation, without a Dharma-aligned lifestyle
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> and strict self-discipline, we have no hope.
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>
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> *Issue:* The condition clauses pile up before the main point. Restructure:
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> *Without a Dharma-aligned lifestyle and strict self-discipline, we have no hope
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> of weathering today's deluge of worldly temptations.*
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### 3. Wrong Word Choice (用词不当)
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> 当一个人开始关心生命的大问题时，对小问题自然云淡风轻。
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>
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> when we begin to contemplate the profound questions of existence, the banal
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> iterations of daily life lose their significance.
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>
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> *Issue:* "banal iterations" is obscure. Simplify.
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### 4. Weak Flow & Transitions (流畅性 & 连接词)
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> 修行的核心就是止恶行善。为什么某种行为能成为生命的主导？就是因为不断重复。
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>
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> The essence of cultivation lies in ceasing unwholesome actions and promoting
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> wholesome ones. But why do certain behaviors dominate our lives? Because of
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> constant repetition.
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>
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> *Issue:* Adding transition words improves flow. The "But" here creates a false
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> contrast — the second sentence is explanation, not counterpoint.
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## Detection Checklist
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When reviewing, run through:
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- [ ] Any missing content? (compare paragraph-by-paragraph)
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- [ ] Any added content? (parentheticals, expansions not in source)
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- [ ] Any over-literal renderings that don't work in English? (idioms, set phrases)
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- [ ] Any over-free renderings that lose specificity? (concrete examples → abstract)
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- [ ] Subject confusion? (two actors merged into one)
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- [ ] Buddhist terminology checked against terms DB?
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- [ ] Sentences too long to read in one breath? (split at natural breaks)
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- [ ] Passive voice clustering? (3+ in a paragraph)
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- [ ] Nominalized verbs? ("placed emphasis on" → "emphasized")
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- [ ] Top-heavy sentence structure? (main clause buried after long preamble)
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- [ ] Obscure word choices? (would a general reader understand?)
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- [ ] Missing or misleading transition words?
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# Deliberation Protocol (审议规程)
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From 东方译场审议手册 (Oriental Translation Review Manual, 2026-03-25).
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Guidance from Ven. Jiqun on translation review culture and process.
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## Core Standards
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1. **Accuracy (准确性)** — primary. Convey content-level meaning, not word-by-word
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correspondence. Deepen accuracy iteratively; grasp the "inner spirit" rather than
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fixating on literal vs free translation.
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2. **Readability (可读性)** — secondary. Fluent sentences, graceful expression. Do
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not pursue endless revision; what is achievable now is the best for now.
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**Test**: invite 5–10 readers to read aloud and give feedback — is it clear or
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obscure? Is it concise? Is the meaning clear?
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## Decision-Making
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When opinions differ:
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- Compare which version is more accurate and more readable
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- Do NOT cling to your own view (不执着于己见)
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- If two people cannot decide, invite 5–10 to read and vote
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- Remember: the translation is for the READERS, not for yourself
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## Core Principle: Rejoice First (随喜)
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Before flagging issues, affirm what is good. Professional translation companies
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emphasize positive feedback to build translator confidence and good collaboration.
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Criticism alone — however precise — breeds resistance and harms the final result.
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In the Oriental Translation Workshop, rejoicing in others' merits cultivates
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sympathetic joy (随喜), compassion, selflessness, and boundless merit — while
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encouraging others' wholesome efforts.
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**Practice**: develop eyes that SEE the merits in a translation. Rejoice with
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genuine gladness. Examples:
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- "So many technical terms and complex logic here — you handled it beautifully!"
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- "This word choice is exactly right."
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- "The prose is so clean and fluid!"
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- "Excellent!" / "Good word choice!"
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## Three Principles for Giving Suggestions
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1. **Lower the self** — use compassionate, gentle, skillful language
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2. **Be diligent and attentive** — find the actual problems
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3. **Tier your suggestions** — make clear what MUST change, what COULD improve,
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and what needs DISCUSSION
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## Three-Tier Issue System
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### Level 1: Spelling, Grammar, Format (拼写、语法、格式)
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**Action**: fix directly, keep tracked changes visible.
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May annotate for translator development:
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- "MPI format uses American English — `toward` not `towards`."
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- "Use `Chan` here, not `Zen`."
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- "MPI format does not use diacritics — `Yogacara` not `Yogācāra`."
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### Level 2: Omission, Mistranslation, Wordiness, Tone, Word Choice
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(漏翻、错翻、啰嗦、语气问题、用词问题)
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**Action**: preferably flag for translator to fix themselves; may also fix
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directly with tracked changes.
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Suggested language:
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- "Did we miss something here?"
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- "This sentence is quite long — could we split it into 2–3?"
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- "The translation here differs from the original. It reads as if the teacher
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is saying X, but I think he means Y. What do you think?"
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- "This word feels a bit strong here — your thoughts?"
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- (After direct adjustment) "I tightened this sentence — does this work?"
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### Level 3: Citation Versions, Slightly Awkward Wording, Marginal Readability
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(引用版本不当、用词稍微不当、阅读体验略差)
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**Action**: flag and discuss with translator.
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Suggested language:
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- "I found another citation version that may be more concise — which do you prefer?"
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- "Could we use this word instead? Might fit better."
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- "Could you take another look at this passage? I feel readability could improve
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but I'm not sure how — your thoughts?"
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## Tone Guide
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- Address the translator as 菩萨 (Bodhisattva) — respectful peer address
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- Use questions, not commands: "Could we...?" "What do you think?" "Would this work?"
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- Frame as collaborative inquiry, not correction
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user