diff --git a/感恩实践课ppt/build_pptx.py b/感恩实践课ppt/build_pptx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5dc3b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/感恩实践课ppt/build_pptx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import sys, yaml
+from pptx import Presentation
+from pptx.util import Pt
+from pptx.enum.text import MSO_AUTO_SIZE
+
+FONT_SCALE = 0.82  # shrink ~18%
+
+yaml_path, src_path, out_path = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3]
+
+with open(yaml_path) as f:
+    entries = yaml.safe_load(f)
+
+index = {}
+for e in entries:
+    index[(e["slide"], e["shape"], e["run"])] = e["en"]
+
+
+def shrink_font_tf(tf):
+    """Reduce font sizes in a text frame by FONT_SCALE, then auto-fit."""
+    for para in tf.paragraphs:
+        for run in para.runs:
+            if run.font.size:
+                run.font.size = Pt(int(run.font.size.pt * FONT_SCALE))
+    try:
+        tf.auto_size = MSO_AUTO_SIZE.TEXT_TO_FIT_SHAPE
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
+prs = Presentation(src_path)
+
+for slide_num, slide in enumerate(prs.slides, 1):
+    for shape_idx, shape in enumerate(slide.shapes):
+        if shape.has_text_frame:
+            has_translation = False
+            for para_idx, para in enumerate(shape.text_frame.paragraphs):
+                key = (slide_num, shape_idx, para_idx)
+                if key in index:
+                    has_translation = True
+                    en = index[key]
+                    for r in para.runs:
+                        r.text = ""
+                    if para.runs:
+                        para.runs[0].text = en
+                    else:
+                        para.add_run().text = en
+            if has_translation:
+                shrink_font_tf(shape.text_frame)
+
+        elif shape.has_table:
+            num_rows = len(shape.table.rows)
+            num_cols = len(shape.table.columns)
+            for r in range(num_rows * num_cols):
+                key = (slide_num, shape_idx, r)
+                if key in index:
+                    row = r % num_rows
+                    col = r // num_rows
+                    shape.table.cell(row, col).text = index[key]
+            # shrink table fonts
+            for row in shape.table.rows:
+                for cell in row.cells:
+                    shrink_font_tf(cell.text_frame)
+
+    # notes
+    key = (slide_num, -1, 0)
+    if key in index and slide.has_notes_slide:
+        ns = slide.notes_slide
+        ns.notes_text_frame.clear()
+        ns.notes_text_frame.paragraphs[0].add_run().text = index[key]
+
+prs.save(out_path)
+print(f"Saved {out_path}")
diff --git a/感恩实践课ppt/strings.yaml b/感恩实践课ppt/strings.yaml
index 32f7f5c..2c0a02e 100644
--- a/感恩实践课ppt/strings.yaml
+++ b/感恩实践课ppt/strings.yaml
@@ -3,910 +3,1002 @@
   run: 0
   kind: center_title
   zh: 开启生命的富足
-  en: ''
+  en: Opening the Door to Life's Abundance
 - slide: 1
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: subtitle
   zh: — 基础利他心理实践课 · 感恩 —
-  en: ''
+  en: — Foundational Altruism Practice Course · Gratitude —
 - slide: 2
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 目录
-  en: ''
+  en: Contents
 - slide: 2
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 认识感恩（30分钟）
-  en: ''
+  en: Understanding Gratitude (30 min)
 - slide: 2
   shape: 1
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 利益思维（30分钟）
-  en: ''
+  en: The Benefit Mindset (30 min)
 - slide: 2
   shape: 1
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 修习感恩——感恩日记（15分钟）
-  en: ''
+  en: Cultivating Gratitude — Gratitude Journal (15 min)
 - slide: 2
   shape: 1
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 因缘之网（40分钟）
-  en: ''
+  en: Web of Causality (40 min)
 - slide: 2
   shape: 1
   run: 4
   kind: body
   zh: 小结&练习计划（10分钟）
-  en: ''
+  en: Summary & Practice Plan (10 min)
 - slide: 3
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 认识感恩
-  en: ''
+  en: Understanding Gratitude
 - slide: 3
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: PART 01
-  en: ''
+  en: PART 01
 - slide: 4
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 定义：
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Definition:'
 - slide: 4
   shape: 2
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 对拥有的一切心怀感恩，
-  en: ''
+  en: Be grateful for everything you have,
 - slide: 4
   shape: 2
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 感激所有付出的人。
-  en: ''
+  en: and appreciate all those who have contributed.
 - slide: 4
   shape: 2
   run: 4
   kind: body
   zh: 佛教所说的感恩，不仅仅局限于某个具体的人或事。佛教认为，一切众生是相互依赖的，每个人的生存都离不开家庭、社会、大众、自然，所以要心怀感恩地面对一切。
-  en: ''
+  en: In Buddhism, gratitude is not limited to specific people or events. Buddhism
+    teaches that all sentient beings are interdependent; no one can survive without
+    family, society, all people, and nature. Therefore, we should face everything
+    with a grateful heart.
 - slide: 4
   shape: 3
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 认识感恩
-  en: ''
+  en: Understanding Gratitude
 - slide: 5
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 现场练习：反观自照 (10分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: 'In-Class Exercise: Self-Reflection (10 min)'
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 0
   kind: table
   zh: 场景
-  en: ''
+  en: Scenario
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 5
   kind: table
   zh: 没有感恩心的状态
-  en: ''
+  en: State Without Gratitude
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 10
   kind: table
   zh: 占比
-  en: ''
+  en: Proportion
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 15
   kind: table
   zh: 有感恩心的状态
-  en: ''
+  en: State With Gratitude
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 20
   kind: table
   zh: 占比
-  en: ''
+  en: Proportion
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 1
   kind: table
   zh: 例：共修
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Example: Group Practice'
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 6
   kind: table
   zh: 对某些同学不满、抱怨，心想“都不自修，分享离题万里，浪费我时间！”
-  en: ''
+  en: Dissatisfied with some classmates, complaining, thinking "None of them study
+    on their own, their sharing goes off-topic, what a waste of my time!"
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 11
   kind: table
   zh: 30%
-  en: ''
+  en: 30%
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 16
   kind: table
   zh: 感谢所有同学，没有他们我就没有伙伴一起学习
-  en: ''
+  en: Thankful for all classmates; without them, I would have no companions to study
+    with
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 21
   kind: table
   zh: 70%
-  en: ''
+  en: 70%
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 2
   kind: table
   zh: 例：吃饭
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Example: Eating'
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 7
   kind: table
   zh: 挑剔，觉得饭菜不合口味，打饭的人打得太少，排队太长...
-  en: ''
+  en: Picky, finding the food unappetizing, the portions too small, the queue too
+    long...
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 12
   kind: table
   zh: 40%
-  en: ''
+  en: 40%
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 17
   kind: table
   zh: 想到很多人为此付出的劳动，认真感受饭菜的滋养，感到非常满足，充满能量
-  en: ''
+  en: Thinking of the many people whose labor made this possible, truly feeling the
+    nourishment of the food, feeling deeply content and energized
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 22
   kind: table
   zh: 60%
-  en: ''
+  en: 60%
 - slide: 5
   shape: 3
   run: 3
   kind: table
   zh: 与家人相处
-  en: ''
+  en: Interacting with Family
 - slide: 5
   shape: 4
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 观察自己在生活的各个场景中，有感恩心和没有感恩心时的行为表现和内心状态分别是怎样的？写在下表中，并评估一下：在该场景中，感恩心“在线”或“不在线”的占比
-  en: ''
+  en: Observe your behavior and inner state across various life situations — with
+    and without gratitude. Fill in the table below and estimate the proportion of
+    time gratitude is "online" vs. "offline" in each scenario.
 - slide: 6
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 在生活的各个场景中，我的感恩心“在线”情况是怎样的？
-  en: ''
+  en: Across different life situations, how often is my gratitude "online"?
 - slide: 6
   shape: 1
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 当对身边的人、事、物心怀感恩时，心理感受是怎样的？身体感受是怎样的？
-  en: ''
+  en: When I feel grateful toward the people, events, and things around me, what is
+    my mental experience? What is my physical experience?
 - slide: 6
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 交流分享 (15分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: Discussion & Sharing (15 min)
 - slide: 7
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 利益思维
-  en: ''
+  en: The Benefit Mindset
 - slide: 7
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: PART 02
-  en: ''
+  en: PART 02
 - slide: 8
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 为什么要修感恩心（利益思维）
-  en: ''
+  en: Why Cultivate Gratitude (The Benefit Mindset)
 - slide: 8
   shape: 4
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩研究领域的领军人物罗伯特·埃蒙斯的观点（Robert Emmons &Mishra, 2012）​，实践感恩可以带来8种不同的好处，包括：
-  en: ''
+  en: 'According to leading gratitude researcher Robert Emmons (Emmons & Mishra, 2012),
+    practicing gratitude brings eight distinct benefits, including:'
 - slide: 8
   shape: 4
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 最佳收益：感恩能让我们从积极的经历中获得最佳收益。
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Maximizing benefit: Gratitude enables us to derive the greatest benefit from
+    positive experiences.'
 - slide: 8
   shape: 4
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 自我价值和自尊：感恩能提升我们的自我价值和自尊。使我们更加自信和高效。避免自怜，这是一种倾向于感觉受害的状态。
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Self-worth and self-esteem: Gratitude enhances our self-worth and self-esteem,
+    making us more confident and effective. It guards against self-pity, a state of
+    feeling like a victim.'
 - slide: 8
   shape: 4
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 应对压力：感恩可以帮助我们应对压力和逆境。在最初的震惊之后，感恩可以帮助我们评估什么是生活中最重要的。
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Coping with stress: Gratitude helps us cope with stress and adversity. After
+    the initial shock, gratitude helps us assess what matters most in life.'
 - slide: 8
   shape: 4
   run: 4
   kind: body
   zh: 帮助他人：感恩的人更有可能帮助他人。他们变得更能意识到善良和关心的行为，并感到有必要回报。他们不太可能是拜金者，而更可能珍惜他们所拥有的。
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Helping others: Grateful people are more likely to help others. They become
+    more aware of acts of kindness and care, and feel compelled to give back. They
+    are less likely to be materialistic and more likely to cherish what they have.'
 - slide: 9
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 为什么要修感恩心（利益思维）
-  en: ''
+  en: Why Cultivate Gratitude (The Benefit Mindset)
 - slide: 9
   shape: 4
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 更好的人际关系：感恩可以加强我们的人际关系。当我们真正意识到朋友和家人的价值时，我们可能会更好地对待他们。当我们善待他们，他们也善待我们。
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Better relationships: Gratitude strengthens our relationships. When we truly
+    recognize the value of friends and family, we tend to treat them better. When
+    we treat them well, they treat us well in return.'
 - slide: 9
   shape: 4
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 更少的负面比较：表达感激会降低我们与他人比较的可能性。我们变得感恩，满足于我们所拥有的（朋友、家人、家庭、健康）​，并且不太可能为我们没有的东西感到难过。
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Less negative comparison: Expressing gratitude reduces our tendency to compare
+    ourselves with others. We become grateful and content with what we have (friends,
+    family, home, health), and less likely to feel distressed about what we lack.'
 - slide: 9
   shape: 4
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 更少的负面情绪：当我们表达感激之情时，我们的负面情绪可能会更少。例如，当我们心存感激时，我们就不太可能感到内疚、贪婪或愤怒。
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Fewer negative emotions: When we express gratitude, we tend to experience fewer
+    negative emotions. For instance, when we are grateful, we are less likely to feel
+    guilt, greed, or anger.'
 - slide: 9
   shape: 4
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 慢适应：拥有新东西的快乐能持续多久？最初，我们感到快乐，但这种快乐不会持续很长时间。通过欣赏事物和经历的意义和价值，我们可以放慢这种适应的速度，让快乐的体验持续更长的时间。
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Slowing adaptation: How long does the joy of a new possession last? Initially
+    we feel happy, but that happiness doesn''t last long. By appreciating the meaning
+    and value of things and experiences, we can slow this adaptation and extend the
+    experience of joy.'
 - slide: 10
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 为什么要修感恩心（利益思维）
-  en: ''
+  en: Why Cultivate Gratitude (The Benefit Mindset)
 - slide: 10
   shape: 4
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 现代心理学实证研究发现，长期持续修习感恩，可以：
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Modern psychological research has found that sustained gratitude practice can:'
 - slide: 10
   shape: 4
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 显著降低焦虑和抑郁水平，提升幸福感
-  en: ''
+  en: Significantly reduce anxiety and depression, and increase well-being
 - slide: 10
   shape: 4
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: ​增强生理健康与免疫功能​；降低炎症；改善心脏健康。
-  en: ''
+  en: Enhance physical health and immune function; reduce inflammation; improve heart
+    health.
 - slide: 10
   shape: 4
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩可以改善人际关系，使职场合作效率提升55%，家庭感恩表达使冲突率降低37%
-  en: ''
+  en: Gratitude improves interpersonal relationships, increasing workplace collaboration
+    efficiency by 55% and reducing household conflict by 37% through expressions of
+    gratitude.
 - slide: 10
   shape: 4
   run: 4
   kind: body
   zh: 能更快更好地达成目标：高感恩水平学生学业目标达成率提高42%，工作场所创新提案量增加55%
-  en: ''
+  en: 'Achieve goals faster and better: students with high gratitude levels see a
+    42% increase in academic goal attainment, and workplace innovation proposals increase
+    by 55%.'
 - slide: 10
   shape: 4
   run: 5
   kind: body
   zh: ​改善睡眠质量​，使入睡时间缩短19分钟，深睡眠时长增加17%。
-  en: ''
+  en: Improve sleep quality, shortening time to fall asleep by 19 minutes and increasing
+    deep sleep duration by 17%.
 - slide: 11
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 为什么要修感恩心（利益思维）
-  en: ''
+  en: Why Cultivate Gratitude (The Benefit Mindset)
 - slide: 11
   shape: 3
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 佛法认为，感恩心能给我们带来这些利益：
-  en: ''
+  en: 'From the Buddhist perspective, a grateful heart brings us these benefits:'
 - slide: 11
   shape: 3
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩是福报的源泉
-  en: ''
+  en: Gratitude is the source of merit and blessings
 - slide: 11
   shape: 3
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 使人内心调柔、欢喜
-  en: ''
+  en: It makes the mind gentle, pliant, and joyful
 - slide: 11
   shape: 3
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 产生亲和力，让众生欢喜，被众生接纳，与众生建立善缘
-  en: ''
+  en: It generates affinity, brings joy to sentient beings, earns their acceptance,
+    and establishes wholesome connections with them
 - slide: 11
   shape: 3
   run: 4
   kind: body
   zh: 有助于社会和谐
-  en: ''
+  en: It contributes to social harmony
 - slide: 11
   shape: 3
   run: 5
   kind: body
   zh: 是爱心和慈悲心的基础
-  en: ''
+  en: It is the foundation of loving-kindness and compassion
 - slide: 11
   shape: 4
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 交流分享 (15分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: Discussion & Sharing (15 min)
 - slide: 11
   shape: 4
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 结合现实人生，对感恩的每一条利益，分享自己观察到的现实案例。
-  en: ''
+  en: In light of your own life, for each benefit of gratitude, share real examples
+    you have observed.
 - slide: 11
   shape: 4
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 我需要修感恩心吗？为什么？
-  en: ''
+  en: Do I need to cultivate gratitude? Why?
 - slide: 12
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 带着感恩心看待众生
-  en: ''
+  en: Seeing All Beings with Gratitude
 - slide: 12
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 如果没有感恩心，看别人往往没感觉，甚至会心生对立，觉得世上都是敌人，都在算计你。当你带着这样的心态看人，看到谁都不欢喜，别人看到你也不欢喜。
-  en: ''
+  en: Without gratitude, we often feel indifferent toward others, or even perceive
+    them with hostility, feeling that the world is full of enemies plotting against
+    us. When we view people with this mindset, we find no one pleasing, and others
+    find us displeasing in return.
 - slide: 12
   shape: 2
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 如果我们认识到，自己每天在享受他人的给予，不仅是父母、亲戚、朋友的帮助关爱，还有社会各行各业的人提供服务，乃至飞鸟鱼虫，都在为地球共建生态环境，就能带着感恩心看待众生，看到一切都心生欢喜。当我们以这样的心看待众生，就会产生亲和力，让众生欢喜，被众生接纳。这种和乐就是幸福的助缘。
-  en: ''
+  en: If we recognize that every day we are sustained by the contributions of others
+    — not only the help and care of parents, relatives, and friends, but also the
+    services of people across all walks of society, and even the birds, fish, and
+    insects that together sustain the Earth's ecosystem — then we can view all beings
+    with gratitude and find joy in everything we see. When we regard all beings with
+    such a heart, we naturally radiate affinity, bringing joy to others and earning
+    their acceptance. This harmony and joy is a supporting condition for happiness.
 - slide: 13
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 修习感恩——
-  en: ''
+  en: Cultivating Gratitude —
 - slide: 13
   shape: 0
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩日记、因缘之网
-  en: ''
+  en: Gratitude Journal & Web of Causality
 - slide: 13
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: PART 03
-  en: ''
+  en: PART 03
 - slide: 14
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 1. 感恩日记
-  en: ''
+  en: 1. Gratitude Journal
 - slide: 14
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 看见并感恩生活中的点滴美好
-  en: ''
+  en: Seeing and appreciating the small beauties in life
 - slide: 15
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 现场练习：感恩日记
-  en: ''
+  en: 'In-Class Exercise: Gratitude Journal'
 - slide: 15
   shape: 4
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 仔细观察生活中值得感恩的人、事、物，用手机或纸笔写下来，多多益善。并评估自己对每一项的“感恩程度”（1-5分，5分代表非常感恩）。
-  en: ''
+  en: Carefully observe the people, events, and things in your life worth feeling
+    grateful for. Write them down on your phone or on paper — the more, the better.
+    Then rate your "level of gratitude" for each item (1-5, with 5 meaning very grateful).
 - slide: 15
   shape: 4
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 1、_____________________________
-  en: ''
+  en: 1. _____________________________
 - slide: 15
   shape: 4
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 2、_____________________________
-  en: ''
+  en: 2. _____________________________
 - slide: 15
   shape: 4
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 3、_____________________________
-  en: ''
+  en: 3. _____________________________
 - slide: 15
   shape: 4
   run: 4
   kind: body
   zh: ······
-  en: ''
+  en: ······
 - slide: 15
   shape: 4
   run: 7
   kind: body
   zh: 写完后回顾一下，体会内心生起的感恩之心，安住于此30秒。
-  en: ''
+  en: After writing, review your list, savor the gratitude arising in your heart,
+    and rest in that feeling for 30 seconds.
 - slide: 15
   shape: 5
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 现场练习：计时3分钟，看看自己能写多少？
-  en: ''
+  en: 'In-Class Exercise: Set a timer for 3 minutes — see how many you can write!'
 - slide: 16
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 分享自己的感恩日记
-  en: ''
+  en: Share your gratitude journal
 - slide: 16
   shape: 1
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 练习过程中有哪些感触？
-  en: ''
+  en: What insights arose during the exercise?
 - slide: 16
   shape: 1
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 这个简单的练习，有什么作用？我需要持续做吗？为什么？
-  en: ''
+  en: What effect does this simple exercise have? Do I need to keep doing it? Why?
 - slide: 16
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 交流分享 (10分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: Discussion & Sharing (10 min)
 - slide: 17
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 感恩需要刻意修习
-  en: ''
+  en: Gratitude Requires Deliberate Practice
 - slide: 17
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 如果我们没有留心关注自己拥有的一切,就会不自觉地被负面的事物所吸引。
-  en: ''
+  en: If we don't consciously attend to everything we have, we will unconsciously
+    be drawn to negative things.
 - slide: 17
   shape: 2
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 当我们将焦点放在负面事物上,它们就会不断涌现;更重要的是,过于关注负面事物会屏蔽幸福。
-  en: ''
+  en: When we fixate on the negative, negative things keep surfacing; more importantly,
+    excessive focus on negativity blocks out happiness.
 - slide: 17
   shape: 2
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 让自己尽可能多地心存感恩,将给自己带来最美好的“生命体验”和最“富足”的人生。
-  en: ''
+  en: Fill your heart with as much gratitude as possible — it will bring you the most
+    beautiful "life experience" and the most "abundant" life.
 - slide: 18
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 2. 因缘之网
-  en: ''
+  en: 2. Web of Causality
 - slide: 18
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 每一份美好都是缘起而非独立存在的，由无数众生与因缘条件共同成就。
-  en: ''
+  en: Every beautiful thing arises dependently, not independently — it is made possible
+    by countless sentient beings and conditions working together.
 - slide: 19
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 我们不是孤立地生活在这个世界，需要父母养育，需要老师教导，长大成人后，依然离不开社会大众的给予。否则，我们就要自己种田，自己织布，自己制造生活所需。仅仅是每天的衣食住行，我们就得到了众生多少帮助，多少付出啊。所以说，每个众生都是对我们有恩的人，是需要我们用感恩心回报的。
-  en: ''
+  en: We do not live in isolation in this world. We need our parents to raise us,
+    teachers to instruct us, and even as adults, we still depend on the contributions
+    of society at large. Otherwise, we would have to grow our own food, weave our
+    own cloth, and make everything we need ourselves. Just considering our daily necessities
+    — food, clothing, shelter, and transportation — how much help and effort from
+    countless beings have we received! Therefore, every sentient being is someone
+    to whom we owe gratitude, someone we should repay with a grateful heart.
 - slide: 19
   shape: 1
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 现代人比较注重“自我”的感受，而从佛法来看，这个“自我”无非是一场彻头彻尾的超级骗局。在这种感受的误导下，人们很容易将自己和世界对立起来，甚至将每个人视为潜在的敌人，导致孤独、自闭乃至抑郁等心理疾病。如果换个角度，想着每个人都有恩于你，整个世界都在为你服务，那么，看到任何人都不会觉得陌生。
-  en: ''
+  en: Modern people tend to focus heavily on the sense of "self," but from a Buddhist
+    perspective, this "self" is nothing more than an elaborate and complete illusion.
+    Misled by this sense of self, people easily set themselves against the world,
+    even viewing everyone as a potential enemy, leading to loneliness, withdrawal,
+    and even depression. If we shift perspective and consider that everyone has been
+    kind to us, that the entire world is serving us, then we will never feel estranged
+    from anyone we meet.
 - slide: 19
   shape: 4
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 生活中，我通常会把身边哪些人的付出当作是理所当然的，很少对他们生起感恩之心？
-  en: ''
+  en: In my daily life, whose contributions do I tend to take for granted, rarely
+    feeling grateful toward them?
 - slide: 19
   shape: 4
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 生活中，有哪些人我觉得是毫无关系的陌生人？我是以怎样的心态和表现面对这些“陌生人”的？
-  en: ''
+  en: In my life, whom do I regard as unrelated strangers? With what attitude and
+    behavior do I face these "strangers"?
 - slide: 19
   shape: 5
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 交流分享 (10分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: Discussion & Sharing (10 min)
 - slide: 19
   shape: 6
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 每个人都有恩于你，整个世界都在为你服务
-  en: ''
+  en: Everyone has been kind to you; the entire world is serving you
 - slide: 20
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 现场练习：因缘之网 (10分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: 'In-Class Exercise: Web of Causality (10 min)'
 - slide: 20
   shape: 3
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 现代社会“原子化”的生活，常常让人们产生一种孤立的错觉。事实上，所有的生命都紧密相连、相互依存。
-  en: ''
+  en: The "atomized" lifestyle of modern society often gives people the illusion of
+    isolation. In reality, all life is deeply interconnected and interdependent.
 - slide: 20
   shape: 3
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 请选择一个自己感恩的事物，写在纸的中心。
-  en: ''
+  en: Choose something you are grateful for and write it at the center of a piece
+    of paper.
 - slide: 20
   shape: 3
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 把成就这个事物的因缘（人、事、物）逐个列出来，用线条连接，方框表示事、物，圆圈表示人。
-  en: ''
+  en: List out each cause and condition (people, events, things) that made this possible,
+    connecting them with lines — use boxes for events and things, circles for people.
 - slide: 20
   shape: 3
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 每个人或事又是缘起而非独存的，再把成就他们的因缘依次列出来，形成“因缘之网”。
-  en: ''
+  en: Each person or thing also arises dependently rather than independently; list
+    out the causes and conditions that made them possible in turn, forming a "web
+    of causes and conditions."
 - slide: 20
   shape: -1
   run: 0
   kind: notes
   zh: 熟悉这种练习之后，任何一个对象，不论是食品、物品、乃至一个人、一件事，都可以用缘起的思维深入观察。
-  en: ''
+  en: Once familiar with this exercise, any object — whether food, an item, a person,
+    or an event — can be deeply examined through the lens of dependent origination.
 - slide: 21
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 互动练习 (10分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: Interactive Exercise (10 min)
 - slide: 21
   shape: 3
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 2人一组，交换各自的“因缘之网”练习，互相补充：还有哪些我能想到的因缘？(5分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: 'In pairs, exchange your "web of causality" exercises and supplement
+    each other''s: What other causes and conditions can I think of? (5 min)'
 - slide: 21
   shape: 3
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 2人互相分享自己补充的内容和心得(5分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: Share with each other what you added and your reflections (5 min)
 - slide: 22
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 交流分享 (10分钟)
-  en: ''
+  en: Discussion & Sharing (10 min)
 - slide: 22
   shape: 3
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 在刚刚的练习中，我有什么想法和感受？
-  en: ''
+  en: What thoughts and feelings arose during the exercise?
 - slide: 22
   shape: 3
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 分享其中一个给自己带来触动的因缘链条
-  en: ''
+  en: Share one chain of causes and conditions that particularly moved you
 - slide: 22
   shape: 3
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 有哪些因缘，是我从未想过要感恩的？
-  en: ''
+  en: What causes and conditions have I never thought to feel grateful for?
 - slide: 23
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 看到并感恩自己拥有的一切
-  en: ''
+  en: Seeing and Feeling Grateful for Everything You Have
 - slide: 23
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 生活在世间，我们既是独立的个体，也是世界的一部分，离不开万物的滋养，众生的护佑。我们今天在这里，同样有众多因缘的成就，所以要对这一切心生感恩。佛法说的“上报四重恩”，就是感念父母、师长、国家、众生的恩德，发愿报答。当我们生起感恩，内心是欢喜且柔软的，会主动想着为社会、为众生做些什么。这是增长慈悲心的基础。
-  en: ''
+  en: Living in this world, we are both independent individuals and part of a greater
+    whole, sustained by the nourishment of all things and the protection of all beings.
+    That we are here today is likewise made possible by countless causes and conditions,
+    so we should feel grateful for all of it. The Buddhist teaching of "repaying the
+    four great kindnesses" means remembering with gratitude the kindness of parents,
+    teachers, the nation, and all sentient beings, and vowing to repay them. When
+    gratitude arises in us, our heart becomes joyful and tender, and we naturally
+    think of doing something for society and for all beings. This is the foundation
+    for growing compassion.
 - slide: 24
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 小结&练习计划
-  en: ''
+  en: Summary & Practice Plan
 - slide: 24
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: PART 06
-  en: ''
+  en: PART 06
 - slide: 25
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 要点回顾
-  en: ''
+  en: Key Points Review
 - slide: 25
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩心的内涵？
-  en: ''
+  en: What is the essence of gratitude?
 - slide: 25
   shape: 1
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 对拥有的一切心怀感恩，感激所有付出的人。
-  en: ''
+  en: Being grateful for everything you have, and appreciating all those who have
+    contributed.
 - slide: 25
   shape: 1
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 修习感恩有什么利益？
-  en: ''
+  en: What are the benefits of cultivating gratitude?
 - slide: 25
   shape: 1
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 幸福、欢喜、福报、和谐......
-  en: ''
+  en: Happiness, joy, merit, harmony...
 - slide: 25
   shape: 1
   run: 4
   kind: body
   zh: 如何修习感恩
-  en: ''
+  en: How to Cultivate Gratitude
 - slide: 25
   shape: 1
   run: 5
   kind: body
   zh: 【感恩日记】主动留意生活中值得感恩的人、事、物
-  en: ''
+  en: '[Gratitude Journal] Actively noticing the people, events, and things in life
+    worth feeling grateful for'
 - slide: 25
   shape: 1
   run: 6
   kind: body
   zh: 【因缘之网】通过缘起思维建立感恩心
-  en: ''
+  en: '[Web of Causality] Establishing gratitude through the perspective
+    of dependent origination'
 - slide: 26
   shape: 0
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 练习目的
-  en: ''
+  en: Purpose of the Practice
 - slide: 26
   shape: 4
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 反观自照
-  en: ''
+  en: Self-Reflection
 - slide: 26
   shape: 5
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 建立在生活中的不同场景中有意识的带着感恩心面对当下的人和事的习惯。
-  en: ''
+  en: Build the habit of consciously facing present-moment people and events with
+    gratitude across different life situations.
 - slide: 26
   shape: 8
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 建立留意生活中的善意、好事（哪怕很微小）的习惯。
-  en: ''
+  en: Build the habit of noticing kindness and good things in life (no matter how
+    small).
 - slide: 26
   shape: 11
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 建立一种普遍的感恩心，广泛的联结感，感受到自我生活于众多的因缘之中，弱化自我中心和孤立隔阂。
-  en: ''
+  en: Build a universal sense of gratitude and a broad sense of connectedness, feeling
+    that we live within a vast web of causality, thereby weakening self-centeredness
+    and the sense of isolation.
 - slide: 26
   shape: 13
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩日记
-  en: ''
+  en: Gratitude Journal
 - slide: 26
   shape: 14
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 因缘之网
-  en: ''
+  en: Web of Causality
 - slide: 27
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: title
   zh: 练习计划
-  en: ''
+  en: Practice Plan
 - slide: 27
   shape: 3
   run: 3
   kind: table
   zh: 每日座上慈心练习
-  en: ''
+  en: Daily Formal Loving-Kindness Practice
 - slide: 27
   shape: 3
   run: 6
   kind: table
   zh: 每日感恩练习
-  en: ''
+  en: Daily Gratitude Practice
 - slide: 27
   shape: 3
   run: 1
   kind: table
   zh: 第一周
-  en: ''
+  en: Week 1
 - slide: 27
   shape: 3
   run: 4
   kind: table
   zh: 对自己修慈心-15分钟
-  en: ''
+  en: Loving-kindness toward oneself — 15 min
 - slide: 27
   shape: 3
   run: 7
   kind: table
   zh: 感恩日记
-  en: ''
+  en: Gratitude Journal
 - slide: 27
   shape: 3
   run: 2
   kind: table
   zh: 第二周
-  en: ''
+  en: Week 2
 - slide: 27
   shape: 3
   run: 5
   kind: table
   zh: 对自己修慈心-15分钟
-  en: ''
+  en: Loving-kindness toward oneself — 15 min
 - slide: 27
   shape: 3
   run: 8
   kind: table
   zh: 因缘之网
-  en: ''
+  en: Web of Causality
 - slide: 27
   shape: 4
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 1、练习要求：座上+座下练习每周至少5天
-  en: ''
+  en: '1. Practice requirements: formal + daily life practice at least 5 days per
+    week'
 - slide: 27
   shape: 4
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 2、每日分享：在班群分享自己每日的练习及心得
-  en: ''
+  en: '2. Daily sharing: share your daily practice and reflections in the class group'
 - slide: 27
   shape: 4
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 3、每周班级交流后，请 2-3 位同学分享本周练习心得
-  en: ''
+  en: 3. After each weekly class discussion, 2-3 classmates share their practice reflections
+    for the week
 - slide: 28
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 一起诵读
-  en: ''
+  en: Recite Together
 - slide: 28
   shape: 1
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 《感恩祈愿文》
-  en: ''
+  en: '"Gratitude Prayer"'
 - slide: 29
   shape: 1
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩祈愿文
-  en: ''
+  en: Gratitude Prayer
 - slide: 29
   shape: 2
   run: 0
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩自然的馈赠，感恩父母的哺育，
-  en: ''
+  en: Grateful for nature's gifts, grateful for our parents' nurturing,
 - slide: 29
   shape: 2
   run: 1
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩师长的教诲，感恩国土的滋养，
-  en: ''
+  en: Grateful for our teachers' guidance, grateful for our country's nourishment,
 - slide: 29
   shape: 2
   run: 2
   kind: body
   zh: 感恩众生的成就，感恩三宝的护佑。
-  en: ''
+  en: Grateful for the support of all sentient beings, grateful for the protection
+    of the Three Jewels.
 - slide: 29
   shape: 2
   run: 3
   kind: body
   zh: 愿我们对拥有的一切心怀感恩，也愿我们因感恩而乐于付出，
-  en: ''
+  en: May we be grateful for all that we have, and may our gratitude inspire us to
+    give generously,
 - slide: 29
   shape: 2
   run: 4
   kind: body
   zh: 更愿这份感恩给众生带去慰藉，唤醒那些尘封的心灵，消融所有自他的隔阂，
-  en: ''
+  en: May this gratitude bring comfort to all beings, awaken hearts long closed, and
+    dissolve all barriers between self and other,
 - slide: 29
   shape: 2
   run: 5
   kind: body
   zh: 愿人们在感恩中敞开心扉，彼此关爱，
-  en: ''
+  en: May people open their hearts in gratitude and care for one another,
 - slide: 29
   shape: 2
   run: 6
   kind: body
   zh: 愿世界在感恩中充满温暖，处处和平。
-  en: ''
+  en: May the world be filled with warmth through gratitude, and may peace prevail
+    everywhere.
diff --git a/用小读点亮心灯/original.dj b/用小读点亮心灯/original.dj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1347ac7
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+++ b/用小读点亮心灯/original.dj
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+# 用小读点亮心灯
+
+——2019 年 12 月 28 日在拈花堂小读专场的开示
+
+很高兴看到大家来参加小小读书会的交流。从刚才的分享中，看到这么多人在积极推动
+
+小读并从中受益，非常随喜。
+
+## 一、从文化的定位来读书
+
+现在国家提出要全面复兴中华民族的优秀传统文化，这一政策振奋人心。作为中国人，
+
+如何传承传播我们的传统文化？中国是四大文明古国之一，文化源远流长。从春秋到隋唐，
+
+曾出现百家争鸣的开放，有唐朝一代的鼎盛。佛教传入中国后，更为中华文化带来了新的思
+
+想高度。但随着国势的衰落，尤其是清末被西方列强侵犯后，国人对传统文化的信心备受打
+
+击，转而崇尚西方文化。到今天，整个社会从生产生活到文化娱乐，都受到西方物质文明的
+
+全面影响。这固然给我们的生活带来很大便利，但副作用也不容忽视。
+
+在过去，我们觉得一切问题和痛苦都是贫穷造成的，似乎有钱就能解决一切。现在很多
+
+人富起来了，幸福却没有随之而来。当物质日益丰富，整个社会也被物化，与此对应的，则
+
+是生态环境的恶化，精神追求的缺失，以及烦恼的日益增多。为什么会这样？正是忽略了对
+
+心的观照。事实上，心才是幸福的根本。而佛法是心性之学，可以引导我们了解心性，造就
+
+良好的心态、人格、生命品质，最终明心见性，在当今时代具有不可替代的独特价值。
+
+现在政府倡导“一带一路”的多边合作，这不仅是经济的交流，也是文化的融汇。在这个
+
+大背景下，特别需要传承中华民族的优秀传统文化。作为今天的中国人，我们责无旁贷。说
+
+到佛教，有宗教和文化两个定位。如果定位为宗教，只能在宗教场所开展活动；但作为文化
+
+就不存在限制。习主席访问印度时曾说：“当年国学大师季羡林为什么学梵文？因为要钻研佛
+
+经。为什么要钻研佛经？因为中国的国学已经渗透了佛经的精要之意。”可见，不了解佛教就
+
+无法正确认识完整的中国文化，更谈不上传承。所以我们首先是要从文化的定位来读书。
+
+读书不仅是传承文化，也在改造我们的生命产品。从某种意义上说，生命就是一个产品。
+
+这个产品是怎么形成的？是否经过精心打造？
+
+艺术家关心自己的作品，企业家关心生产的产品，其实这些都是身外之物，和我们关系
+
+最为密切的，正是这个五蕴和合的生命产品。它所带来的身心感受，是我们片刻都无法逃避
+
+的。如果这种感受是躁动、抑郁、不安、嗔恨，即使有再多享乐，哪里会有幸福可言？现代
+
+人重视产品体验，为此精益求精，却不重视生命产品带来的体验，甚至想不到去改善它，这
+
+是本末倒置的。因为产品不好还可以丢弃或退货，而当生命产品出现问题时，无法丢弃，无
+
+法退货，哪怕今生结束了，这些问题还会继续带到来生，影响未来生命。
+
+摆在我们面前的现实是，心理疾病的发病率正逐年增长。有专家认为，二十一世纪将是
+
+心理疾病的世纪。可能有人觉得自己心态不错，和这些问题无关。即使真的不错，也要看到，
+
+在今天这个唇齿相依的社会，已经没有人可以独善其身了。古代交通不便，即使在社会动荡
+
+的乱世，人们也可以偏安一隅。但随着交通和资讯的发达，人类有了前所未有的密切交流，
+
+真正成为牵一发而动全身的命运共同体。只要有人心智不正常，地球就不得安宁。所以仅仅
+
+让自己身心健康是不够的，还要关心社会大众。只有更多的人身心健康，富有爱心，我们才
+
+有安全的保障。我想，世界任何人都希望有一个美好的自己。我们如何能够造就美好的自己、
+
+如何防病、治病、造就健康身心？离不开智慧文化。可以说，人就是文化的产品。而智慧文
+
+化是人类的共同遗产，不分国籍人人都需要。因此，传承和传播这种文化，在当今社会尤其
+
+重要；对人类来说，它是具有永恒的意义。
+
+读书是文化传承和传播的经典方式。从读书方式来讲，小读的方式简单易行。当然不只
+
+是说读书的方式，读什么书更重要。因为我们接受什么样的文化，就会造就什么样的观念，
+
+造就什么样的心态， 造就什么样的人格。接受觉醒的文化，将会引领着我们从迷惑的生命，
+
+走向觉醒的生命。
+
+## 二、传播效果在于模式
+
+有了传承文化的认识，还要建立有效的落实模式。关于这个问题，西方有很多成功经验。
+
+麦当劳能把汉堡、薯条卖遍世界，关键就在于经营模式。有模式，才能快速复制，保质保量。
+
+而以往对文化的传承往往像开小店那样，效果如何，主要取决于做的人，这就很难复制并发
+
+展。
+
+三级修学正是针对这个问题，为学习和传承智慧文化提供一套大众化、标准化的模式。
+
+在此基础上，我们还进一步完善了修学、慈善等具体模式。在现有的传灯项目中，小小读书
+
+会是简单、易行且高效的方式，值得推广。
+
+怎么才能从读书中真正受益？闻、思、修是学佛常道，又称三无漏学，八步三禅即依此
+
+演绎而来。闻是听闻，我们在读书时，既是读给别人听，也是读给自己听。然后需要通过思
+
+考，把法义变成自己的观念和心态。当观念和心态被修正，还要进一步在实践中强化，使生
+
+命品质得以提升。尤其是结合八步三禅，更有良好效果。所以不管别人有没有听进去，自己
+
+要听进去；不管别人有没有改变，自己要改变。我们的读书叫作“静心读书”，就是通过读书
+
+让心静下来。在传承文化的同时，通过其中的智慧来引导、来认识自己，完善人格。
+
+## 三、认识小读的重要性
+
+现代人生活繁乱、心态浮躁，很多人甚至从未关心过：自己是什么样的存在？如果不对
+
+生命加以管理，我们的生命无非是一大堆错误想法，再加上一大堆混乱情绪；既不知道我是
+
+谁，也看不到生命的方向，每天忙忙碌碌地追求幸福，却不断地制造烦恼。只有点亮心灯，
+
+才能照亮未来的人生道路。
+
+我们需要探讨传承文化的方式，比如读书，读书本身就是一个学习文化、传承文化的过
+
+程。我们也需要探讨传播文化的方式，比如各种传灯活动，有小读、精读，还有其他各种方
+
+式等。读书方式中的小小读书会，就是一种非常好的方式。如果善用其心，越简单，越高明。
+
+即使是这种简单的读书方式，也能够起到传承和传播智慧文化的作用。
+
+佛法告诉我们，每个人都本具智慧心灯，有自我拯救的能力，这是佛陀对人类最大的贡
+
+献，让我们看到了生命的希望。否则，在无限的宇宙中，今生这几十年实在太渺小了，除了
+
+眼前短暂的世间乐，实在看不到终极的意义和价值。我们要点灯、传灯，让每个人的内心都
+
+点亮智慧明灯。
+
+心不仅决定了自己的状态，也决定了世界的状态，所谓心净则国土净。当我们的内心清
+
+净，人际关系才会和谐，世界才会充满慈悲和温暖，充满光明和希望。我们有机会传承和传
+
+播这样的文化，是多生累劫的善缘，也是众生之幸，社会之幸。小读的小，只是从每场活动
+
+的规模而言。真正做好的话，同样可以遍地开花，像麦当劳那样开遍世界。我们需要通过传
+
+灯，通过读书会，通过小读，一方面点亮自己的心灯，同时也帮助更多的人点亮心灯，让这
+
+个世界充满着温暖，充满着光明，充满着爱，充满着希望，充满着慈悲。
+
+## 四、依“三种精神”做好小读
+
+2018 年以来，我们经历了分灯和深化体制改革，旨在建立去中心化的平台，并提出自
+
+觉、法治、无我利他三种管理精神。
+
+首先是自觉的精神。我们参加修学、做读书会都是出于自觉，是深刻认识到轮回的过患，
+
+认识到佛法对生命的价值，所以自觉接受这样的学习，自觉地发心利他，而不是替谁做，也
+
+不是为了成就自我的重要感、优越感和主宰欲。
+
+其次是法治的精神。我们并不是要做一个团体，而是输出一套课程和学习方法，以此帮
+
+助大家传承和传播中华优秀传统文化。不论是办班、带班、慈善关爱，还是现在倡导的小读、
+
+精读、人文空间，都是在探索模式。有模式可依，大家只要接受相应的学习、培训、传帮带，
+
+最后都能掌握标准，成为这套模式的传承者和传播者。所以我们是依模式完成自觉、独立、
+
+优化、分灯，而不是靠第三方的领导。这几年流行的区块链，重点就是去中心化，实现点对
+
+点的服务。在具体落实的过程中，我们还会为大家提供支持服务。
+
+第三是无我利他的服务精神。因为书友的需要，我们才能和他们结下法缘，使自己有因
+
+缘修福增慧。所以要感恩书友给了我们法布施的机会。我们带着这样的心为他们服务，而不
+
+是好为人师地带人读书。
+
+我们要充分领会这三种精神，将其运用到实践和推广中，让小读有效地服务大众、服务
+
+社会。
+
+## 五、做好小读八件事
+
+怎样用小读模式打好传灯的基础？那就是要做好小读八件事：
+
+第一要有牵头人。小读的起点并不高，不一定要学了多少年才能做，只要有心，每个人
+
+都可以做小读。但也不是人多就可以，没有牵头人，没有传帮带的话，很可能是一盘散沙。
+
+所以要做好传帮带，才能有条不紊地推动，让每个参与者都能发挥作用。
+
+第二要有团队。可以是几个人，也可以立足于班级或传帮带组形成团队。对团队建设来
+
+说，人才特别重要，否则一切免谈。所以要重视人才成长，比如定期展开交流，分享经验，
+
+取长补短。同时要为有发心、有能力的人才提供成长空间。在学人、主事阶段，用小读打好
+
+基础，达人以上丰俭由人，然后成长为主讲、讲师，一直到传灯使者。
+
+第三要有模式。关于怎么做好小读，形成一套基本模式。比如有哪些步骤，掌握什么要
+
+领，都要形成规范。有了这些基本模式，还可以根据实际情况优化。如果仅仅是读书，有人
+
+会觉得吸引力不够，就可以通过场地布置营造禅意氛围，或是在读书会的前后增加茶道、健
+
+康养生、禅与生活美学等内容，吸引不同层面的人。当然小读是核心，要确保读书时间，再
+
+以这些附加内容让活动更丰富。这方面，各地可以因地制宜，如果参与者喜欢单纯读书，那
+
+是最好的，那也不一定要另外再加什么。
+
+第四要有管理意识。对怎么开展小读形成思路和推动方案，做到有计划，有落实，有监
+
+控，并通过总结不断优化模式，才会越做越好，而不是随意地做做。
+
+第五要有传帮带。中国人做事往往是个人英雄主义，能力强才做得好，换个人就未必行。
+
+而麦当劳从产品制作到服务规则、门店形象都是一样的，复制这套模式，就能保证质量和客
+
+户体验。我们也要形成做好小读的基本规则，形成一批达人和样板团队。然后通过培训和传
+
+帮带，把这些经验传承下去。如果一个人带两个人、三个人，他们做好了再带两个人、三个
+
+人，那真的就是点燃无尽灯。通过小读接引一个人参与修学，只是一个人而已，但传帮带一
+
+个人做小读，就多了一个点。这个点又能分化出两个点、五个点乃至更多点，那会接引多少
+
+人？如果说接引人参与修学是育苗的话，小小读书会就像在播种，要广结法缘。
+
+第六要有优质服务。服务的核心是客户体验，我们要营造良好的场，了解参与者的需求，
+
+本着无我利他的服务精神，以智慧文化帮助人们解除迷惑、烦恼和痛苦。现在效果好的小读，
+
+多半在“场”的营造方面很用心，氛围有了粘性，人们就愿意再来，并带着亲朋好友一起来。
+
+如果不关注参与者的体验，只是一厢情愿按自己的想法做，效果未必会好。菩萨道修行要以
+
+众生为中心，想众生所想，把服务做到众生的心坎上。
+
+第七要不断优化。我们要领会三级修学的管理思想，“以项目为中心，以传帮带为纲领，
+
+以人才成长为线索”，对于现有的小读模式和标准，还要在学习、运用和实践中不断优化。
+
+第八要建立理想化的标准。现在各地小读的情况参差不齐，有些地方效果很好，回头率
+
+高，开班也快；还有些地方人气不足，回头率低，开班很慢。为什么有这些不同？我们要把
+
+成功经验总结出来，让大家知道做好一个小读必须具备哪些条件。如果做得不理想，也可以
+
+自我对照，知道应该怎么提高。
+
+## 六、愿心是最大的动力
+
+除了有效的运作模式，做好小读更重要的是愿力。尤其对今天的人来说，所处环境比任
+
+何时代更混乱，如果没有强大的愿力，很难走出凡夫心。在我们现有的生命中，大股东依然
+
+是贪嗔痴，觉醒所占的股份还很小。很多时候，我们虽然觉得佛法好，却在情绪、妄想、欲
+
+望、串习的洪流中身不由己，佛法所能起到的作用非常有限。
+
+所以，我们要精进地闻思修，让菩提种子快速成长，成为心灵主导。每一次做读书会，
+
+就是在多闻薰习，在播下并滋养菩提种子，使它的力量不断增长。这不仅让别人受用，自己
+
+肯定是最大的受益者。我们有缘修学智慧文化，看到生命的出路和希望，同时看到芸芸众生
+
+处在无明、烦恼、痛苦中，就要生起广大的慈悲心。具体落实时，可以从身边的人做起，推
+
+动班级同修一起参与。在做读书会的过程中，大家安住于法，同时看到智慧文化在发生作用，
+
+可以有效带动修学气氛。进一步，可以把读书会带到家庭，带回家乡，带给一切有缘者。
+
+《普贤行愿品》说，“诸供养中，法供养最”；《金刚经》也说，以三千大千世界的七宝
+
+布施，以恒河沙数的身体布施，都不如了解法义后为人演说，这并不是夸张。因为只有学习
+
+智慧文化，才能从迷惑走向觉醒，实现永恒的福祉。如果没有这样的智慧，拥有再多财富又
+
+能怎样？该生病还是生病，该烦恼还是烦恼。所以，我们要看到法布施的价值，发起强大的
+
+愿心，发愿通过小读接引更多人参与修学。
+
+有了做读书会的经验，也能为未来参与辅导以及其他很多角色打下基础。因为我们在轮
+
+回的第一线，不断和众生打交道，真切感受到他们的需要和问题，再来带班就会有心理准备。
+
+未来具备了综合的能力和素养，就能成为优秀的传灯使者，更好地服务大众、服务众生。
+
+（2022.02.25 修订版）
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+# Lighting the Heart Lamp with Small Reading Groups
+
+{% Original title: 用小读点亮心灯 %}
+{% "小读" (xiǎo dú) = small reading group, a grassroots format for group reading and discussion of wisdom texts %}
+{% "心灯" (xīn dēng) = heart lamp, a Chan/Zen metaphor for innate wisdom that illuminates from within %}
+
+——A Dharma talk at the Nianhua Hall Small Reading Session, December 28, 2019
+
+{% "拈花堂" (Niānhuā Táng) = Nianhua Hall, literally "Flower-Twirling Hall," named after the Buddha's wordless sermon where he held up a flower and Mahākāśyapa smiled %}
+
+I am delighted to see so many of you attending this exchange on small reading groups. From the sharing just now, I can see how many people are actively promoting small reading groups and benefiting from them — I deeply rejoice in this.
+
+{% "随喜" (suíxǐ) = anumodana, the Buddhist practice of rejoicing in the meritorious deeds of others %}
+
+## 1. Reading from the Perspective of Culture
+
+{% Original heading: 一、从文化的定位来读书 %}
+{% The speaker frames Buddhism as "culture" rather than "religion" — a strategic positioning that allows broader dissemination in China's regulatory environment %}
+
+Our nation now calls for a comprehensive revival of the fine traditional culture of the Chinese people. This policy is truly inspiring. As Chinese people, how should we inherit and transmit our traditional culture? China is one of the four great ancient civilizations, with a culture stretching back to antiquity. From the Spring and Autumn period through the Sui and Tang dynasties, there was a flourishing of diverse schools of thought, culminating in the golden age of the Tang dynasty. After Buddhism entered China, it brought a new intellectual height to Chinese culture. However, as national power declined — especially after the late Qing period when Western powers invaded — the Chinese people's confidence in their traditional culture was deeply shaken, and they turned instead to Western culture. Today, every aspect of society — from production and daily life to culture and entertainment — is pervasively influenced by Western material civilization. While this has certainly brought great convenience to our lives, its side effects cannot be ignored.
+
+In the past, we believed that all our problems and suffering were caused by poverty, as if money could solve everything. Now, many people have become wealthy, yet happiness has not followed. As material goods proliferate, society itself has become materialized. Correspondingly, we see environmental degradation, the loss of spiritual aspiration, and ever-increasing afflictions. Why is this? Precisely because we have neglected to observe the mind. In truth, the mind is the very foundation of happiness. Buddhism is a study of the nature of mind; it can guide us to understand the mind, cultivate a positive mental attitude, character, and quality of life, and ultimately illuminate the mind and see our true nature. In our present era, Buddhism holds an irreplaceable and unique value.
+
+{% "心性之学" (xīnxìng zhī xué) = study of mind-nature, a core concept in Chinese Buddhism (especially Chan) emphasizing direct insight into the nature of one's own mind %}
+{% "明心见性" (míngxīn jiànxìng) = illuminate the mind and see one's true nature — the quintessential goal of Chan/Zen practice %}
+
+The government is now promoting the "Belt and Road" multilateral cooperation, which involves not only economic exchange but also cultural integration. Against this backdrop, the need to transmit the fine traditional culture of the Chinese people is especially urgent. As Chinese people today, we cannot shirk this responsibility. With regard to Buddhism, there are two ways to position it: as a religion or as a culture. If positioned as a religion, activities can only take place at religious sites. But as a culture, there are no such restrictions.
+
+{% This distinction between Buddhism-as-religion and Buddhism-as-culture is a recurring theme in contemporary Chinese Buddhist discourse, allowing practice communities to operate within legal frameworks while maintaining a broad public presence %}
+
+During President Xi's visit to India, he said: "Why did the great scholar Ji Xianlin study Sanskrit? Because he wanted to delve into the Buddhist scriptures. And why delve into the Buddhist scriptures? Because China's national learning has already been permeated by the essential meaning of the Buddhist scriptures."
+
+{% 季羡林 (Jì Xiànlín, 1911–2009): renowned Chinese linguist and Indologist who translated the Ramayana and studied Sanskrit Buddhist texts %}
+{% The quote from Xi Jinping situates Buddhist study as a patriotic act of cultural preservation %}
+
+From this we can see that without understanding Buddhism, one cannot properly grasp the full scope of Chinese culture, let alone transmit it. Therefore, our first priority is to approach reading from the cultural perspective.
+
+Reading is not only about transmitting culture — it also transforms our life product. In a certain sense, life itself is a product. How is this product formed? Has it been carefully crafted?
+
+An artist cares about their artwork; an entrepreneur cares about the products they make. Yet all these are external things. What concerns us most intimately is this very life product — the confluence of the five aggregates. The physical and mental experiences it brings are something we cannot escape for even a moment. If these experiences are agitation, depression, anxiety, or hatred, then no matter how much pleasure we have, where is happiness to be found? Modern people value product experience and strive for perfection in that regard, yet they do not value the experience that their own life product brings — they do not even think of improving it. This is putting the cart before the horse. A defective product can be discarded or returned, but when our life product malfunctions, it cannot be discarded, it cannot be returned. Even when this life ends, these problems will continue into the next life and affect our future existence.
+
+{% "五蕴" (wǔyùn) = the five aggregates (skandhas): form, feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness — the Buddhist analysis of what constitutes a "person" %}
+{% The "life product" (生命产品) metaphor frames Buddhist practice as quality improvement of one's own being %}
+
+The reality before us is that the incidence of mental illness is increasing year by year. Some experts believe that the twenty-first century will be the century of mental illness. Some may think that their own mental state is fine and unrelated to these issues. Even if that is truly the case, we must recognize that in today's interdependent society, no one can remain unaffected in isolation. In ancient times, when transportation was poor, people could find a secluded corner to live in even during turbulent times. But with the development of transportation and information technology, humanity now engages in unprecedented close interaction and has truly become a community of shared destiny where a slight move in one part affects the whole. As long as some people's minds are not healthy, the world will not be at peace. So it is not enough to keep ourselves physically and mentally healthy — we must also care for society at large. Only when more people are healthy in body and mind, and rich in loving-kindness, can we find genuine safety and security.
+
+I believe everyone in the world wishes for a better self. How can we create a better self? How can we prevent illness, treat illness, and cultivate a healthy body and mind? This cannot be separated from wisdom culture. One could say that human beings are products of culture. And wisdom culture is the common heritage of humanity — it is needed by all people regardless of nationality. Therefore, inheriting and transmitting this culture is especially important in today's society. For humanity, it holds eternal significance.
+
+Reading is the classic way to inherit and transmit culture. In terms of reading methods, the small reading group approach is simple and easy to implement. Of course, the question is not just about the method — what we read matters even more. Because the culture we absorb shapes our views, shapes our mentality, and shapes our character. Embracing a culture of awakening will lead us from a life of confusion toward a life of awakening.
+
+## 2. Effectiveness Lies in the Model
+
+{% Original heading: 二、传播效果在于模式 %}
+{% Introduces the "McDonald's model" analogy — standardized, replicable systems for cultural transmission %}
+
+Having recognized the importance of cultural transmission, we must also establish an effective model for implementation. On this matter, the West has many successful experiences. McDonald's can sell hamburgers and fries around the world — the key lies in its business model. With a model, rapid replication is possible while maintaining quality and consistency. Past approaches to cultural transmission, however, have often been like running a small shop, where the outcome depends heavily on the individual doing the work. This makes replication and growth extremely difficult.
+
+{% The McDonald's analogy recurs throughout the talk — the speaker uses it to advocate for standardized, scalable methods over individual-hero approaches %}
+
+The Three-level Study Program was designed precisely to address this problem — providing a standardized, broadly accessible model for learning and transmitting wisdom culture. On this foundation, we have further refined specific models for study, practice, and charitable activities. Among the existing lamp-transmission projects, the small reading group is a simple, easy, and highly effective method worthy of promotion.
+
+{% "三级修学" (sānjí xiūxué) = Three-level Study Program, the structured curriculum system (beginner, intermediate, advanced) of this Buddhist community %}
+{% "传灯" (chuándēng) = lamp transmission, a metaphor tracing back to the Chan tradition's "Transmission of the Lamp" records; here it means passing on the Dharma through teaching and outreach %}
+
+How can we truly benefit from reading? Hearing, contemplating, and practicing are the constant path of Buddhist study, also known as the three studies that lead beyond contamination. The Eight Steps and Three Meditations are derived from this framework.
+
+{% "闻思修" (wén sī xiū) = hearing/studying the Dharma, contemplating its meaning, and putting it into practice — the threefold framework of Buddhist cultivation %}
+{% "三无漏学" (sān wúlòu xué) = the three undefiled studies: morality (śīla), concentration (samādhi), and wisdom (prajñā) %}
+{% "八步三禅" (bābù sānchán) = Eight Steps and Three Meditations, a structured contemplative method developed within this community for digesting Dharma teachings %}
+
+"Hearing" means listening — when we read, we are reading both for others and for ourselves. Next, through contemplation, we must transform the Dharma principles into our own views and mental attitudes. Once our views and attitudes have been corrected, we must further reinforce them through practice, thereby elevating the quality of our lives. When combined with the Eight Steps and Three Meditations, the results are even more effective. So whether or not others take it in, we ourselves must take it in. Whether or not others change, we ourselves must change. Our reading is called "quiet-mind reading" — through reading, we quiet the mind. While transmitting culture, we use its wisdom to guide us, to know ourselves, and to perfect our character.
+
+{% "静心读书" (jìngxīn dúshū) = quiet-mind reading, a practice of reading as meditation rather than mere information intake %}
+
+## 3. Recognizing the Importance of Small Reading Groups
+
+{% Original heading: 三、认识小读的重要性 %}
+
+Modern people live disordered, restless lives. Many have never even asked themselves: what kind of existence am I? If we do not manage our lives, our life amounts to nothing more than a heap of mistaken ideas and a jumble of chaotic emotions. We neither know who we are nor can see the direction of our life. Busy day after day in pursuit of happiness, we ceaselessly create afflictions instead. Only by lighting the heart lamp can we illuminate the path ahead.
+
+{% "烦恼" (fánnǎo) = kleśa, mental afflictions — the root disturbances of mind that cause suffering in Buddhist psychology %}
+
+We need to explore ways of transmitting culture — for example, through reading. Reading itself is a process of learning and transmitting culture. We also need to explore ways of spreading culture, such as the various lamp-transmission activities: small reading groups, intensive reading groups, and many other formats. Among reading methods, the small reading group is an excellent approach. If we use our minds skillfully, the simpler, the more profound. Even this simple reading method can serve to inherit and spread wisdom culture.
+
+{% "越简单，越高明" (yuè jiǎndān, yuè gāomíng): "the simpler, the more profound" — a Chan-influenced view that depth arises from simplicity, not complexity %}
+
+The Dharma tells us that everyone is inherently endowed with a wisdom lamp — everyone has the capacity for self-redemption. This is the Buddha's greatest gift to humanity, showing us the hope of life. Otherwise, in this boundless universe, the few decades of this present life are far too insignificant. Beyond the fleeting worldly pleasures before us, we can find no ultimate meaning or value. We must light the lamp and pass it on, so that within everyone's heart, the lamp of wisdom is kindled.
+
+{% "点灯、传灯" (diǎndēng, chuándēng): "light the lamp, pass the lamp" — a core metaphor of the community's mission; self-awakening followed by helping others awaken %}
+
+The mind not only determines our own state — it also determines the state of the world. As it is said, when the mind is pure, the land is pure. When our inner world is pure, our relationships become harmonious, and the world becomes filled with compassion and warmth, with light and hope.
+
+{% "心净则国土净" (xīn jìng zé guótǔ jìng): "when the mind is pure, the land is pure" — from the Vimalakīrti Sūtra, a foundational Mahayana teaching on the relationship between inner purity and the external world %}
+
+That we have the opportunity to inherit and transmit such a culture is the result of good karmic conditions accumulated over countless eons. It is a blessing for all beings, a blessing for society. The "small" in small reading groups refers only to the scale of each activity. Done well, they can bloom everywhere, spreading across the world like McDonald's. Through lamp-transmission, through reading groups, through small reading sessions, we light our own heart lamp while helping more people light theirs, so that this world is filled with warmth, with light, with love, with hope, and with compassion.
+
+{% "多生累劫的善缘" (duōshēng lěijié de shànyuán): good karmic affinities accumulated over many lifetimes and eons — the Buddhist view that present opportunities arise from vast spans of past causes and conditions %}
+
+## 4. Conducting Small Reading Groups According to the "Three Spirits"
+
+{% Original heading: 四、依"三种精神"做好小读 %}
+{% The "Three Spirits" (自觉、法治、无我利他) form the organizational philosophy introduced after a 2018 restructuring %}
+
+Since 2018, we have undergone lamp-dividing and institutional reform aimed at establishing a decentralized platform, and we have put forward three management principles: self-awareness, rule-based governance, and selfless service to others.
+
+{% "分灯" (fēndēng): lamp-dividing — the deliberate decentralization of leadership and authority, so that no single person or center holds all the lamps; each node becomes self-sustaining %}
+{% 自觉 (zìjué) = self-awareness, voluntary commitment %}
+{% 法治 (fǎzhì) = rule-based governance, operating through shared standards rather than personal authority %}
+{% 无我利他 (wúwǒ lìtā) = selfless service to others, acting without ego-attachment for the benefit of others %}
+
+The first is the spirit of self-awareness. Our participation in study programs and reading groups is entirely voluntary. We have deeply recognized the perils of samsara and the value of the Dharma for our lives, and so we willingly accept this mode of learning and willingly aspire to benefit others. We are not doing this on someone else's behalf, nor are we doing it to satisfy our own sense of importance, superiority, or desire to control.
+
+{% "重要感、优越感和主宰欲" (zhòngyào gǎn, yōuyuè gǎn, hé zhǔzǎi yù): the three ego-driven motivations — sense of importance, sense of superiority, and desire to control — identified as subtle traps in spiritual service %}
+
+The second is the spirit of rule-based governance. Our aim is not to form an organization but to offer a set of courses and learning methods that help everyone inherit and transmit the fine traditional culture of the Chinese people. Whether it is running classes, leading groups, providing charitable care, or the currently advocated small reading groups, intensive reading groups, and cultural spaces — all are explorations of models. With a model to rely on, people need only receive the corresponding learning, training, and mentoring to eventually master the standards and become inheritors and transmitters of this model. Thus we achieve self-awareness, independence, optimization, and lamp-dividing through the model, rather than relying on third-party leadership. The blockchain popular in recent years, with its emphasis on decentralization and peer-to-peer services, is quite similar. In the process of implementation, we will also provide support services.
+
+{% The blockchain analogy is noteworthy — the speaker maps Buddhist organizational philosophy onto contemporary technological metaphors of decentralization %}
+
+The third is the spirit of selfless service. It is because readers have needs that we can form Dharma connections with them, giving ourselves the opportunity to cultivate merit and wisdom. Therefore, we should be grateful to our readers for giving us the chance to offer the Dharma. We serve them with this attitude, rather than reading to them with an air of superiority.
+
+{% "法缘" (fǎyuán) = Dharma connection, the karmic affinity formed through sharing or receiving the Dharma %}
+{% "修福增慧" (xiūfú zēnghuì) = cultivate merit (puṇya) and increase wisdom (prajñā) — the two accumulations in Mahayana Buddhism %}
+{% "法布施" (fǎ bùshī) = Dharma giving, the highest form of generosity in Buddhism — sharing the teachings %}
+
+We must fully grasp these three spirits and apply them in practice and promotion, so that small reading groups can effectively serve the public and serve society.
+
+## 5. The Eight Tasks for Running a Small Reading Group
+
+{% Original heading: 五、做好小读八件事 %}
+{% This section provides a practical operational manual for running a small reading group %}
+
+How do we use the small reading group model to build a solid foundation for lamp-transmission? By carrying out the eight tasks of small reading groups:
+
+First, there must be a lead person. The starting point for a small reading group is not high — you do not need years of study before you can do it. As long as you have the aspiration, anyone can run a small reading group. However, it is not enough to simply have people. Without a lead person, without mentoring, things are likely to become disorganized. Mentoring is essential so that things can progress in an orderly manner and every participant can play a role.
+
+Second, there must be a team. It can be a few people, or it can be formed around a class or mentoring group. For team-building, talent is especially important — without it, nothing else matters. So we must emphasize talent development — for instance, holding regular exchanges, sharing experiences, and learning from each other's strengths. At the same time, we must provide growth opportunities for those with aspiration and ability. At the learner and coordinator stages, use small reading groups to build the foundation. From "attained person" and above, there is flexibility in approach; then grow into lead speaker, lecturer, and eventually a lamp-transmission emissary.
+
+{% "学人、主事、达人" (xuérén, zhǔshì, dárén): learner, coordinator, attained person — three stages of the community's talent development ladder %}
+{% "传灯使者" (chuándēng shǐzhě): lamp-transmission emissary — the highest stage of outreach practitioner, someone who can independently establish and sustain Dharma communities %}
+
+Third, there must be a model. We need to form a basic model for how to run a small reading group well. What are the steps? What are the key points? These must be standardized. With a basic model in place, it can then be optimized according to actual conditions. If simply reading feels insufficiently engaging to some, the atmosphere can be enhanced through venue arrangement that creates a Zen ambience, or by adding activities like tea ceremony, health cultivation, or Zen and life aesthetics before or after the reading to attract different audiences. Of course, the reading itself is the core — reading time must be ensured — while these supplementary activities enrich the overall experience. In this regard, each location can adapt to local conditions. If participants prefer pure reading, that is the best — there is no need to add anything else.
+
+Fourth, there must be management awareness. Develop a plan and promotion strategy for how to carry out small reading groups, ensuring that there is planning, implementation, and monitoring. Through summarization and continuous optimization of the model, the quality will steadily improve, rather than doing things haphazardly.
+
+Fifth, there must be mentoring. Chinese people often lean toward individual heroism — things go well when a capable person is in charge, but may not when someone else takes over. By contrast, McDonald's maintains the same product preparation, service standards, and store image everywhere. By replicating this model, quality and customer experience are assured. We too must develop basic guidelines for running a small reading group well, and foster a cohort of accomplished practitioners and model teams. Then, through training and mentoring, pass on these experiences. If one person mentors two or three, and they in turn mentor two or three more, that truly becomes the endless lamp.
+
+{% "传帮带" (chuán bāng dài): a three-part mentoring model — transmit (knowledge), help (support practically), guide (by example). A core methodology of the community %}
+{% "无尽灯" (wújìn dēng): the endless lamp, from the Vimalakīrti Sūtra — one lamp lights many, yet its own light is undiminished; a metaphor for exponential Dharma transmission %}
+
+Bringing one person into the study program through a small reading group is just one person. But mentoring one person to run a small reading group adds an entire node. That node can then branch into two, five, or even more nodes — how many people will be reached? If bringing someone into the study program is like nurturing a seedling, a small reading group is like sowing seeds — widely forming Dharma connections.
+
+Sixth, there must be quality service. The core of service is the user experience. We must create a positive atmosphere, understand the needs of participants, and in the spirit of selfless service, use wisdom culture to help people resolve their confusion, afflictions, and suffering. The most effective small reading groups today are often those that put great care into creating the right atmosphere. When there is a sense of connection, people want to come back and bring their friends and family. If we ignore the participant's experience and simply do things our own way, the results may not be good. Bodhisattva path practice must be centered on sentient beings — thinking what they think, bringing service right to their hearts.
+
+{% "菩萨道" (púsà dào) = Bodhisattva path, the Mahayana ideal of striving for enlightenment not merely for oneself but for the liberation of all beings %}
+{% "场" (chǎng): literally "field," here meaning the intangible atmosphere or energetic quality of a gathering space — an important concept in Chinese Buddhist community building %}
+
+Seventh, there must be continuous optimization. We must grasp the management philosophy of the Three-level Study Program: "centered on projects, guided by mentoring, with talent development as the thread." The existing model and standards for small reading groups must be continuously optimized through learning, application, and practice.
+
+{% "以项目为中心，以传帮带为纲领，以人才成长为线索": the three-pronged management philosophy — projects as the focus, mentoring as the guiding principle, talent development as the connecting thread %}
+
+Eighth, there must be aspirational standards. Currently, small reading groups across different locations vary greatly. In some places, the results are excellent — high return rates and rapid class formation. In others, attendance is weak, return rates are low, and class formation is slow. What accounts for these differences? We must distill the successful experiences so that everyone knows what conditions are necessary for a good small reading group. If a group is not doing well, participants can self-assess and know how to improve.
+
+## 6. Vow is the Greatest Driving Force
+
+{% Original heading: 六、愿心是最大的动力 %}
+{% "愿心" (yuànxīn) = the mind of vow, bodhicitta aspiration — the altruistic determination to achieve awakening for the benefit of all beings %}
+
+Beyond an effective operational model, what matters most for running a small reading group well is the power of vow. For people today especially, living in a more chaotic environment than any previous era, without a powerful vow it is very difficult to transcend the ordinary mind. In our current being, greed, anger, and ignorance are still the majority shareholders; awakening holds only a small stake. Often, even though we recognize the value of the Dharma, we are swept along helplessly by the torrent of emotions, delusions, desires, and habitual tendencies — and the Dharma can play only a very limited role.
+
+{% "凡夫心" (fánfū xīn) = ordinary mind, the mind governed by afflictions and self-clinging, contrasted with the awakened mind %}
+{% "贪嗔痴" (tān chēn chī) = greed (rāga), anger (dveṣa), ignorance (moha) — the three root poisons in Buddhist psychology %}
+{% The "shareholder" metaphor is a modern, business-inflected way of describing the internal power dynamics of the mind %}
+
+Therefore, we must practice hearing, contemplating, and meditating with diligence, so that the Bodhi seed may grow swiftly and become the guiding force of the mind. Every time we hold a reading group, we are engaging in extensive learning and practice, planting and nourishing the Bodhi seed so that its strength steadily increases. Not only do others benefit — we ourselves are certainly the greatest beneficiaries. Having the karmic fortune to study wisdom culture, seeing the way out and the hope for life, and at the same time seeing the myriad beings mired in ignorance, affliction, and suffering, we must give rise to vast compassion. In concrete implementation, we can start with those around us and encourage classmates to participate together. In the process of running reading groups, as everyone abides in the Dharma and sees wisdom culture taking effect, the study atmosphere can be effectively energized. Further, we can bring reading groups into our families, back to our hometowns, and to all those with whom we have karmic affinity.
+
+{% "菩提种子" (pútí zhǒngzi) = Bodhi seed, the latent potential for awakening present in every being; through practice it is watered and nourished until it blossoms %}
+{% "多闻薰习" (duōwén xūnxí) = extensive learning and gradual permeation — the process by which repeated exposure to Dharma teachings gradually transforms the mind, like fragrance permeating cloth %}
+
+The Avatamsaka Sutra's "Practices and Vows of Samantabhadra" chapter says, "Of all offerings, the Dharma offering is supreme." The Diamond Sutra also says that offering the seven treasures of a great thousand-world system, or offering bodies as numerous as the sands of the Ganges, cannot compare to understanding the Dharma and expounding it for others. This is no exaggeration.
+
+{% 《普贤行愿品》(Pǔxián Xíngyuàn Pǐn) = the "Practices and Vows of Samantabhadra" chapter of the Avatamsaka Sūtra (Huáyán Jīng), one of the most recited texts in Chinese Buddhism, known for its ten great vows %}
+{% 《金刚经》(Jīngāng Jīng) = the Diamond Sūtra (Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra), a foundational Prajñāpāramitā text emphasizing emptiness and the merit of sharing the Dharma %}
+
+For only by studying wisdom culture can we move from confusion to awakening and realize enduring well-being. Without such wisdom, what use is even the greatest wealth? One will still fall ill when illness comes, will still be afflicted when afflictions arise. So we must recognize the value of Dharma giving, arouse a mighty vow, and resolve that through small reading groups we will bring more people into the study program.
+
+{% "法布施" (fǎ bùshī) = Dharma giving — sharing the teachings is considered the highest form of generosity because it addresses the root cause of suffering rather than merely alleviating its symptoms %}
+
+Experience in running reading groups also builds a foundation for future roles in guidance and many other capacities. Because we are on the front line of samsara, constantly interacting with sentient beings and truly sensing their needs and problems, when the time comes to lead a class we will be mentally prepared. In the future, with comprehensive capabilities and qualities, we can become outstanding lamp-transmission emissaries, better serving the public and all beings.
+
+{% "轮回" (lúnhuí) = samsara, the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth driven by karma and afflictions %}
+
+（Revised version, February 25, 2022）