translate: check after first pass

skills/translation-review/SKILL.md

@@ -127,7 +127,29 @@ Finding N — Title (line numbers)
 
 Surgical string replacement. Verify every patch with `cat` — never rely on `read_file` (session dedup).
 
-### 5. Final sweep
+### 5. Add inline translation notes to bilingual.dj
+
+After findings are written, insert djot comments (`{% ... %}`) into `bilingual.dj` after translation pairs to document non-obvious translation decisions. This serves as a durable reference for future editors and bilingual readers.
+
+What to annotate:
+- **Terminology choices**: why a particular rendering was chosen (e.g. 人生佛教 → "Buddhism for Human Life" vs "Humanistic Buddhism")
+- **Cultural bridges**: how an idiom or reference was adapted for English readers (e.g. 天龙八部 → expanded to "devas, nāgas, and the rest of the eight classes of beings")
+- **Structural decisions**: heading patterns, name handling, parallelism preservation
+- **Sanskrit handling**: which terms get diacritics, which get glosses, why
+
+Format:
+```
+source line
+target line
+{% explanation of translation choice %}
+(blank)
+```
+
+The comment sits on its own line between the target line and the blank separator. Use `execute_code` to insert comments programmatically — key by source line number (1-indexed), build new file line by line. Verify with `head`/`tail`.
+
+Do NOT annotate literal/obvious translations (names, dates, simple connectives). Aim for ~1 comment per significant pair.
+
+### 6. Final sweep
 
 Run `python3 scripts/sweep.py <source.dj> <target.dj> [--stale term1,term2] [--new term1,term2]`. This runs all mechanical checks in one call: line parity, heading parity, Unicode em/en-dashes, Markdown bold, Chinese punctuation, TOC link artifacts, unbalanced quotes, and stale/new term assertions. Run even when no content patches were needed — it serves as final validation.
 

skills/translation-review/references/translation-pitfalls.md

@@ -4,6 +4,31 @@ Patterns found in CN→EN translation review. Add to this file as new patterns e
 
 ## Terminology conflation
 
+### 人生佛教/人间佛教 — distinct concepts
+
+人生佛教 (Taixu's "Buddhism for Human Life") and 人间佛教 (Yinshun's "Humanistic Buddhism")
+are distinct doctrinal positions in modern Chinese Buddhism. Do not conflate both into
+"Humanistic Buddhism." When the source uses 人生佛教, render as "Buddhism for Human Life"
+or "Human Life Buddhism."
+
+### 心性论 → buddha-nature (WRONG)
+
+心性 (mind-nature) is broader than 佛性 (buddha-nature / tathāgatagarbha).
+When a text discusses 心性 in the context of Confucian self-cultivation or general
+Buddhist psychology, use "mind-nature" or "nature of mind." Reserve "buddha-nature"
+only when the text explicitly references tathāgatagarbha doctrine.
+
+### 恨 → resentment (WRONG)
+
+恨 means "hatred," not "resentment." In the triad 羡慕嫉妒恨 (envy, jealousy, hatred),
+the force is strong. "Resentment" is too mild.
+
+### 感悟 → conversant / heartfelt (WRONG)
+
+感悟 means experiential insight or realization. It is not intellectual familiarity
+("conversant") or emotional warmth ("heartfelt"). Render as "insight," "realization,"
+or "deep understanding."
+
 ### 关爱/关怀 → compassion (WRONG)
 
 Chinese 关爱 and 关怀 mean "care" or "loving care." They are NOT 慈悲 (compassion / karuṇā).
@@ -27,7 +52,36 @@ Check every occurrence of "compassion" in a translation against the source:
 "continuously elevate our life" loses the Dharma meaning entirely.
 → "continuously elevate our life, life after life"
 
-## False implication
+## Degree / register shifts
+
+### 学部委员 → Member (UNDERSTATES)
+
+学部委员 is CASS's highest academic title, equivalent to "Academician."
+"Member" understates the prestige significantly. → "Academician" or
+"Member of the Academic Divisions."
+
+### 文明 → culture (WRONG)
+
+文明 is "civilization," not 文化 "culture." When a text discusses 文明传播
+(civilizational transmission), do not substitute "cultural transmission."
+
+### 教制建设 → reforming (ADDS CONNOTATION)
+
+教制建设 means "developing/building monastic institutions." Adding "reforming"
+introduces a connotation of fixing something broken that is not in the source.
+→ "developing monastic institutions" or "institutional development."
+
+### 一荣俱荣、一损俱损 → too loose
+
+This idiom has a conditional structure: "if one prospers, all prosper; if one
+suffers, all suffer." Rendering as "thrived together and suffered together"
+loses the mutual-dependence logic. → "shared prosperity and adversity alike"
+or "rose and fell together."
+
+### 成圣成贤 collapsing
+
+圣 (sage) and 贤 (worthy) are distinct Confucian categories. Collapsing both
+to "a sage" loses the distinction. → "sagehood and worthiness" or "a sage or worthy."
 
 #### 因病返贫 → "back into poverty"
 "返贫" means becoming poor due to illness, not returning to previous poverty. Use "into poverty" or "driven into poverty."