translate, done with 众生都是既然众生 and 佛教徒的人生态度
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# Markdown to Djot Conversion
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When source material arrives as `.docx.md` (pandoc-converted from docx), convert to `.dj` for translation workflows.
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## Splitting combined articles
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If a single markdown file contains multiple articles (common when docx has two talks in one file), split at the article boundary before converting. Use `sed` by line number:
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```bash
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sed -n '1,218p' combined.md > a1.md
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sed -n '220,282p' combined.md > a2.md
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```
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## Heading anchor cleanup
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Pandoc's docx→md conversion adds `{#heading-id}` anchors to every heading:
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```markdown
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## 1．安宁疗护 {#1．安宁疗护}
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```
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These must be stripped before markdown→djot conversion, otherwise pandoc's djot writer leaves stray `{#...}` lines in the output:
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```bash
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sed 's/ {#[^}]*}//g' input.md > clean.md
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```
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## Conversion command
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```bash
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pandoc clean.md -f markdown -t djot --wrap=none -o output.dj
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```
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`--wrap=none` prevents reflow of long paragraphs.
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## Post-conversion cleanup
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Pandoc may still leave stray `{#...}` lines in djot output. Remove them:
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```bash
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sed -i '/^{#.*}$/d' output.dj
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```
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## Pandoc artifacts
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- Unicode `——` (U+2014 × 2) → `------` in djot (two em dashes, `---` each). This is correct djot syntax.
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- Markdown hard line breaks (trailing ` `) → `\\\n` in djot. Preserves original paragraph structure.
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- Pandoc normalizes heading IDs (strips `、` and other punctuation). Ignore; the stray-line cleanup handles it.
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# Meditation / Mindfulness Content Translation
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When the source is a guided meditation script, exercise guide, posture instruction,
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or breathing practice (rather than a Dharma talk, sutra commentary, or teaching text),
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use a lighter workflow than the full dharma-translation pipeline.
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## Register
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Default to warm, direct instructional voice (Thầy-adjacent):
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- Second-person address ("you")
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- Concrete images, sensory details
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- Oral rhythm, short sentences
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- Present tense, imperative mood
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MB corpus consultation is NOT needed for register — this content type has its own
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well-established English conventions (yoga/meditation instructional voice).
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## Terms
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Terms DB lookup for Buddhist-mindfulness vocabulary is useful but limited to key terms:
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- 正念 → mindfulness
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- 觉知 → awareness
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- 无我 → depends on context: "non-self" for philosophical/Dharma content; "selflessly" for embodied/movement instruction where the sense is no separate controller imposing on the action
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- 中道 → Middle Way
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- 丹田 → dantian (keep as-is; well-known in meditation/qigong)
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Context-sensitive terms:
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- 心 (xīn): in meditation/movement contexts it often means "mind/attention" not emotional "heart." 持心 means holding the mind with focused attention, not holding with emotion.
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- 念 (niàn): mindfulness/attention/recollection — context between these.
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- Buddhist philosophical terms (无我, 空, 缘起) in non-philosophical contexts (movement instruction, body scans) may need practical/concrete translations rather than doctrinal ones.
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Skip deep terms alignment unless dense Dharma vocabulary (emptiness, dependent origination,
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Buddha-nature, etc.) appears in the text.
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## Comparison files
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Still create 对照.dj as usual. See comparison file format in this skill.
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## Pitfalls
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- **Don't add formatting the source doesn't have**: sub-section labels using `【】` in Chinese should become plain `[label]` in English, not `*[label]*` or `**[label]**`. Match the source's formatting level exactly.
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- **`**text**` is Markdown, not Djot**: Djot emphasis uses single asterisks (`*text*`). Never use double asterisks in `.dj` files.
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- **心 ≠ heart by default**: in meditation/movement contexts, 持心 = holding the mind with attention, not holding with emotion. Translate based on context, not dictionary defaults.
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# Proofreading: Manuscript vs Typeset
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## Two workflows
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### A. Bilingual from DOCX (standard)
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When the DOCX manuscript has both Chinese and English in 1:1 paragraph
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correspondence, generate `bilingual.dj` directly from the DOCX:
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1. `pandoc docx → plain text`
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2. Extract Chinese-English pairs from body (Chinese line, blank, English line, blank)
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3. Apply fixes: italicize Sanskrit on first occurrence, fix `N.Letter` → `N. Letter` spacing
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4. Write bilingual.dj
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The DOCX English is the authoritative target text. No PDF needed.
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### B. Bilingual from PDF (when PDF is the typeset target)
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When the PDF English is the typeset "final" version and should be the target:
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1. Extract DOCX Chinese paragraphs (source)
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2. Extract PDF body text via `pdftotext -layout`
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3. Clean PDF: remove slug lines, headers, page numbers, join hyphenation breaks
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4. Match DOCX English paragraphs against PDF body to find positions
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5. Segment PDF body at matched positions
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6. Write bilingual.dj with Chinese source + PDF English target
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**Pitfalls in PDF extraction:**
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- Consecutive hyphenation breaks (e.g. `thou-` + `sand...al-` + `leviate`) — the join
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loop must be recursive: after joining pair N, check if result still ends with `-`
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and join with line N+2
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- Lines with leading whitespace: use `lstrip()` before checking `n[0].islower()`
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- Drop-cap artifacts: `L iving` → `Living`
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- Trailing section numbers: `...viewpoints. 1)` — the ` 1)` is a PDF section marker
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bleeding into the previous paragraph
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### C. Edit suggestions (edit-suggestions.dj)
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After generating bilingual.dj, scan for issues and write `edit-suggestions.dj`:
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**Format**: follow the original document's section/chapter layout. Group suggestions
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under the chapter headings where the issues occur. Use diff-style `-/+` notation.
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**What to flag:**
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- Garbled Chinese text (merged duplicate edits in source DOCX)
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- Repeated words (`the The`)
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- Chapter numbering mismatches (e.g. `九` ↔ `VIII`)
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- Translator notes in headings (`（善鑫翻，妙一审）`)
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- Missing quotes around dialogue/speech
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## Common source DOCX issues
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- Translator notes in Chinese headings: `（某某翻，某某审）` — delete for publication
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- Merged duplicate edits: cut-paste errors where old+new text appear together
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- `N.Letter` without space: `2.How` → `2. How`
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- `the The` double article
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## Sanskrit italicization
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On first occurrence in body text, wrap with `*term*`. Track seen terms across
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the full body. Terms: bodhisattva, bodhicitta, samsara, Dharma, karma, nirvana,
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Sangha, sutra, Mahayana, Sravaka, Vinaya, Lamrim, Ksitigarbha, Samantabhadra,
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Chan, Arhatship, Theravada.
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# Translation Pitfalls — MPI Buddhist Texts
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Patterns found in CN→EN translation review. Add to this file as new patterns emerge.
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## Terminology conflation
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### 关爱/关怀 → compassion (WRONG)
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Chinese 关爱 and 关怀 mean "care" or "loving care." They are NOT 慈悲 (compassion / karuṇā).
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Conflating them obscures two distinct Buddhist concepts.
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Check every occurrence of "compassion" in a translation against the source:
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- If source is 关爱/关怀 → "care"
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- If source is 慈悲 → "compassion" (correct)
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- If source is 悬壶济世 → "compassionate mission" (correct — the healing spirit)
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### 生存层面 → making a living (WRONG)
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生存层面 = the existential/survival dimension. Not just earning wages.
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→ "survival-level needs" or "the level of basic existence"
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## Loss of Dharma meaning
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### 生生增上 → continuously elevate our life (INCOMPLETE)
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生生 = life after life (multi-life Buddhist perspective). The single-life rendering
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"continuously elevate our life" loses the Dharma meaning entirely.
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→ "continuously elevate our life, life after life"
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## False implication
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#### 因病返贫 → "back into poverty"
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"返贫" means becoming poor due to illness, not returning to previous poverty. Use "into poverty" or "driven into poverty."
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#### Diacritics: use DB form, not academic Sanskrit
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| Wrong | Right | Source |
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|---|---|---|
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| `Mahāsthāmaprāpta` | `Mahasthamaprapta` | 佛教术语 |
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| `Yogācārabhūmi Śāstra` | `Yogacarabhumi-Sastra` | 经论名 |
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| `Avalokiteśvara` | `Guanyin` | 佛教术语 |
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| `pravāraṇā` | `Pavarana` | BAICKZ |
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Exception: `Kṣitigarbha` — DoT定稿 uses diacritics, so keep them.
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When in doubt, search the DB and follow the highest-priority source. See dharma-translation skill `references/diacritics-convention.md`.
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返贫 = become poor (from a non-poor state) due to medical costs. "Back" implies
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the person was previously poor — not necessarily true. This is about medical bankruptcy.
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→ "into poverty" or "fall into poverty" (no "back")
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## DoT定稿 term drift
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### 念死 → recollection of death (WRONG per DoT定稿)
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DoT定稿 has "Cultivating mindfulness of death" / 佛教术语 has "contemplating the
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impermanence of death". The established term is "mindfulness of death", not
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"recollection of death." → "mindfulness of death" / "death-mindfulness"
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### 三级修学 → Three-Level Study Program (WRONG per DoT定稿)
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DoT定稿 has "Three-Stage Practice." → "Three-Stage Practice"
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### 下士道/中士道/上士道
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DoT定稿: "Path for Persons of Small/Medium/Great Capacity" — not "path of the
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initial/middle/great scope."
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### 观音菩萨 → Avalokiteśvara (AVOID in MPI translations)
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佛教术语 has "Guanshiyin/Guanyin Bodhisattva." Use "Guanyin Bodhisattva."
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## Workflow pitfall
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### Translating before consulting terms DB
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Always search key terms BEFORE translating. The dharma-translation skill says to do
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this, but it's easy to skip. Use the CLI: `/home/user/documents/mpi/terms-search/search.py <query>`.
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Prioritize DoT定稿 > 内部特色词 > 佛教术语 > 经论名.
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