# Glossary for 人生百问 / 100 Questions on Life

## Title & Metadata
- 人生百问: 100 Questions on Life
- 菩提静修营: Bodhi Retreat
- 西园夜话: Xiyuan Evening Dialogue / Evening Talks at Xiyuan
- 西园寺: Xiyuan Temple
- 苏州: Suzhou
- 济群法师: Master Jiqun
- 天王殿: Heavenly King Hall
- 三级修学: Three-Stage Practice (MPI program name; keep capitalized)
- 人生佛教: Humanistic Buddhism
- 菩提书院: Bodhi Institute / Puti Academy (use consistently)

## Core Buddhist Terms
- 皈依: take refuge (in the Three Jewels)
- 三宝: Three Jewels
- 佛法: Dharma / Buddhadharma
- 佛陀: the Buddha
- 释迦牟尼佛: Shakyamuni Buddha
- 法师: Dharma teacher / monastic teacher
- 出家人: monastic / renunciant
- 在家居士: lay practitioner / lay Buddhist
- 僧团: Sangha
- 善知识: wise teacher / good teacher
- 依止: rely on (a teacher)
- 加持: blessings / empowering blessings

## Practice Terms
- 发心: aspiration / arousing the aspiration
- 菩提心: bodhicitta / the aspiration for bodhi
- 出离心: renunciation / disillusionment with samsara
- 戒律: precepts
- 正见: right view
- 止观: śamatha-vipaśyanā (calm abiding and insight)
- 禅修: meditation / meditative practice
- 念佛: recite the Buddha's name / Buddha-recitation
- 定课: daily practice / regular practice
- 观修: contemplative practice / visualization practice
- 观想: visualization / contemplation
- 皈依定课: refuge daily practice
- 闻思修: study, contemplation, and practice
- 戒定慧: precepts, concentration, and wisdom
- 闻思正见: study and reflection on right view

## Philosophical Terms
- 缘起: dependent origination
- 空性: emptiness
- 无我: no-self
- 无常: impermanence
- 苦: suffering / unsatisfactoriness
- 轮回: samsara / cycle of rebirth
- 解脱: liberation
- 涅槃: nirvana
- 业力: karma
- 因果: cause and effect
- 业果: karmic result
- 果报: karmic retribution / result
- 烦恼: afflictions / defilements
- 贪嗔痴: greed, hatred, and delusion
- 慈悲: compassion
- 智慧: wisdom
- 般若: prajna
- 法身: Dharma body
- 报身: enjoyment body / Sambhogakaya
- 应化身: manifestation body / Nirmanakaya
- 佛性: Buddha-nature
- 法性: Dharma-nature
- 自性: self-nature (in the sense of an intrinsic essence; often negated)
- 末那识: Manas consciousness
- 阿赖耶识: Alaya consciousness / storehouse consciousness
- 唯识: Consciousness-Only
- 五蕴: five aggregates
- 十二缘起: Twelve Links of Dependent Origination
- 四谛: Four Noble Truths
- 八正道: Noble Eightfold Path
- 三昧: samadhi
- 禅定: meditative concentration

## Pure Land Terms
- 净土: Pure Land
- 西方极乐世界: Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss
- 阿弥陀佛: Amitabha Buddha
- 娑婆世界: Saha world
- 极乐世界: Blissful Pure Land / Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss
- 往生: be reborn in / attain rebirth in
- 信愿行: faith, aspiration, and practice
- 念佛圆通章: Surangama Sutra section on Buddha-recitation
- 普贤行愿品: Samantabhadra's Vows / Universal Worthy's Vows
- 地藏经: Earth Store Sutra / Ksitigarbha Sutra
- 金刚经: Diamond Sutra
- 心经: Heart Sutra
- 大势至菩萨: Mahasthamaprapta
- 维摩经: Vimalakirti Sutra

## Path Terms
- 声闻: shravaka
- 菩萨: bodhisattva
- 大乘: Mahayana
- 小乘: Hinayana (use "sravaka vehicle" or "individual liberation vehicle" if context is sensitive)
- 菩萨道: bodhisattva path
- 解脱道: path of liberation
- 菩提道: bodhi path / path to awakening
- 凡夫: ordinary being / ordinary person
- 圣人: sage / noble one
- 善知识十德: ten qualities of a qualified teacher
- 八步骤三种禅修: Eight Steps and Three Kinds of Meditation
- 修学五大要素: five essential elements of practice (refuge, aspiration, precepts, right view, śamatha-vipaśyanā)

## Social / Institutional Terms
- 义工: volunteer
- 弘法: propagate the Dharma
- 利生: benefit sentient beings
- 弘法利生: propagate the Dharma and benefit sentient beings
- 传灯: pass on the lamp / transmit the Dharma light
- 法会: Dharma assembly
- 皈依共修: group refuge practice
- 三皈五戒: Three Refuges and Five Precepts
- 八关斋戒: Eight Precepts
- 菩提心戒: bodhicitta precepts
- 寺院巡礼: temple tour
- 行脚: pilgrimage / monastic wandering
- 羯磨: kamma / sangha procedure
- 六和: six harmonies
- 共修: group practice

## Style Notes
- Translate in a warm, accessible Dharma-talk register.
- Use direct address and spoken rhythm where natural.
- Keep Chinese proper nouns in pinyin with explanation on first use where helpful.
- Preserve the Q&A format with "问：" → "Q:" and "答：" → "A:".
- Preserve paragraph breaks and line structure.
- For enumerated practice components, use noun phrases (e.g., "refuge, aspiration, precepts, right view, śamatha-vipaśyanā").
- Avoid over-literal calques; prefer natural English.
- When a term has multiple renderings in the DB, prefer the one listed above for consistency.