diff --git a/docs/idea-jiqun-voice-skill.md b/docs/idea-jiqun-voice-skill.md
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+# Idea: distill Master Jiqun's way of talk (语气) into a skill
+
+Date: 2026-07-20
+Status: idea / not scheduled
+
+## Background
+
+Reviewer feedback on a translated article: translations must preserve Master
+Jiqun's 语气 — the speaker's voice and manner — not just the tone (register,
+formality). A translation can have the right register and still flatten the
+teacher's voice.
+
+As a first step, a "Speaker's Voice (语气)" section was added to
+`skills/mpi-translation/SKILL.md`, and check D3 in
+`skills/mpi-translation-review/SKILL.md` was expanded to verify 语气 markers.
+That covers the immediate need, but the knowledge is currently a short bullet
+list inside a general skill.
+
+## Idea
+
+Distill Master Jiqun's way of talk into a dedicated skill (or a reference doc
+under `skills/mpi-translation/references/`), built from evidence across many
+of his talks:
+
+- Collect characteristic passages (source + approved translations) from the
+  terms DB (`loc` fields) and finished articles in `translate-files/`.
+- Catalog his recurring devices: rhetorical question chains, first-person
+  asides (我经常说 / 我曾在讲座中 / 由此我想到), reasoning connectives
+  (可见 / 所以说 / 事实上), homely analogies (rotting apple, leaking boat,
+  teacup, face mask), gentle admonition with humor, measured unhurried
+  authority, inclusive we/you address.
+- For each device, give approved English renderings and common failure modes
+  (e.g. question → declaration, "我经常说" → "it is said").
+- Possibly also cover delivery/register differences between his oral talks,
+  essays, and micro-blog posts.
+
+## Open questions
+
+- Standalone skill vs. reference doc under `mpi-translation`? A reference doc
+  is probably enough; a full skill may be overkill.
+- Who approves the example translations used as evidence?
+- Should it also cover other MPI teachers, or stay Jiqun-specific?
diff --git a/skills/mpi-translation-review/SKILL.md b/skills/mpi-translation-review/SKILL.md
index 90f9ae1..74f6e58 100644
--- a/skills/mpi-translation-review/SKILL.md
+++ b/skills/mpi-translation-review/SKILL.md
@@ -85,9 +85,13 @@ issue with line/paragraph references.
 - **D2 Cultural anachronism.** Modern concepts projected onto classical material.
   Example: translating 般若 as "wisdom" in a scholarly context may flatten the
   term; in a popular talk it may be exactly right.
-- **D3 Tone / voice of the teacher.** For oral talks, preserve the speaker's
-  warmth, rhetorical questions, and direct address. Do not flatten into essay
-  prose.
+- **D3 Tone AND voice (语气) of the teacher.** For oral talks, preserve the
+  speaker's warmth, rhetorical questions, and direct address. Beyond register,
+  check the 语气 markers in `../mpi-translation/SKILL.md` → "Speaker's Voice
+  (语气)": rhetorical questions kept as questions, first-person teacher asides
+  ("我经常说") kept in first person, reasoning connectives (可见, 所以说)
+  preserved, inclusive we/you address, homely analogies left concrete, gentle
+  rather than scolding admonition. Do not flatten into essay prose.
 - **D4 Implicit meaning / implicature.** What the source implies but does not say
   (e.g., irony, conventional politeness, Gricean maxims). Ensure the implication
   survives or is compensated.
diff --git a/skills/mpi-translation/SKILL.md b/skills/mpi-translation/SKILL.md
index 6a7ad64..8732fc7 100644
--- a/skills/mpi-translation/SKILL.md
+++ b/skills/mpi-translation/SKILL.md
@@ -41,6 +41,40 @@ Quick-find in index: Thầy talks → `"Thích Nhất Hạnh"` + page ≤ 10; te
 4. **Voice**: Direct address ("you"), concrete images, and oral rhythm make Dharma land in English. Abstract noun chains (common in Chinese→English translationese) kill it.
 5. **Sutra quotes**: Use standard English Buddhist idiom. Check terse-idiom conventions (e.g., Diamond Sutra "lives" not "bodies").
 
+## Speaker's Voice (语气)
+
+Tone (register, formality) is not enough — preserve the speaker's 语气: the
+stance and manner carried by sentence mood. Reviewers have flagged translations
+that got the tone right but flattened the teacher's voice. 语气 lives in:
+
+- **Sentence mood.** Rhetorical questions stay questions ("幸福在哪里？" →
+  "Where is happiness?", not "Happiness is nowhere to be found.").
+  Exclamations and wonder stay exclamatory. Do not convert the speaker's
+  questioning into declarations.
+- **First-person teacher asides.** 济群法师 often speaks in his own voice:
+  "我经常说……", "我曾在讲座中多次谈到……", "由此我想到……". Keep the
+  first person — do not flatten to "it is often said" or impersonal prose.
+  These asides are how he establishes presence with the audience.
+- **Reasoning connectives.** His talks argue step by step: 可见, 所以说,
+  事实上, 问题在于. Render the logical gait ("So it is clear that…", "That
+  is why…", "In fact…") rather than dropping it — the reasoned,
+  unhurried persuasion IS his voice.
+- **Inclusive address.** Default "we" for shared human condition, "you" when
+  he turns to the listener. Do not drift into abstract third person ("one",
+  "people") where the source speaks as teacher-to-audience.
+- **Everyday analogies, plainly told.** Rotting apples, leaking boats,
+  teacups, face masks — keep the homely image concrete and unvarnished;
+  do not upgrade it to literary language or explain it away.
+- **Gentle admonition, never scolding.** He points out folly with warmth and
+  a little humor (the "有点烦" pop song, Mo Yan's dodge). Keep the lightness;
+  avoid both sermonizing severity and jokey casualness.
+- **Measured authority.** Calm, composed, unhurried. No hype, no exclamation-
+  point enthusiasm, no academic hedging ("arguably", "it could be said").
+
+Check: read a paragraph aloud as if delivering a talk to a lay audience. If it
+sounds like an essay, a lecture abstract, or a motivational speaker, the 语气
+has been lost.
+
 ## Pitfalls
 
 ### Pre-flight accuracy check