473 lines
58 KiB
CSV
473 lines
58 KiB
CSV
中文,英文,释义,梵文,巴利文,出处
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七支供,seven branches of worship ,,,,
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阿修罗,demigods,,asura,,
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爱别离苦,the suffering of sepration from the pleasant/the suffering of being separated from what one loves,,,,
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爱别离苦,the suffering of separation from what is pleasant,,,,
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爱语,kind speech,,,,
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安居,peaceful dwelling,,,,
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安身立命,anchor one's life and spirit,,,,
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安住,abide/dwell/settle down,,,,
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安住修,Stabilizing Meditation,,,,
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八步三禅,Eight Steps and Three Types of Meditation,,,,
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八正道,"Eightfold Path,eightfold noble path,the eightfold path",,,,
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摆脱,ditch/get rid of,,,,
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般若,ultimate truths/wisdom ,,,,
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悲心,compassion,,,,
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本源自性天真佛,original/intrinsic nature; authentic Buddha,,,,DDB
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遍法界,in all dharma realms,,,,
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遍计所执,imaginary/imputed/artificial; pervasively discriminated/fabricated,"the first of the three natures in which all phenomena are classified as having three natures: an imaginary, dependent, and consummate nature.",parikalpita,,PDB
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遍计所执性,pervasively discriminated/fabricated character,"The Chinese literally reads as 'nature of existence produced from attachment to all-pervasive discrimination,' or 'attachment by pervasive imagination.' Conceptualization detached from the causal nature of things; imagination. The phenomena produced from oneʼs illusory attachment and falsely considered to be real.",parikalpita-svabhāva,,DDB
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遍知,Thorough comprehension/all-embracing knowledge/omniscience,The uncontaminated wisdom that fully understands the principle of the Four Truths.,parijñā,,DDB
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别业,individual karma/unshared karma,Karma that gives rise to individual effects.,āveṇika-karman,,DDB
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不二,not-two/nonduality,"The unity of all things, the one reality, the universal Buddha-nature. There are numerous combinations, e.g., good and evil are not a dualism: nor are existence and emptiness, nor are delusion and enlightenment.",advaita,,DDB
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不共,not have in common with/not shared by/as distinguished from,"For one thing to be Ina-Zpplicable or incompatible with another. To not have in common with.(asa^dha^rana, a^ven!ika). Has important technical usage in such terms as 不共不定 and 不共无明.",,,
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不立文字,no establishment of words and letters,,,,
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不立文字，教外别传,special transmission outside of the doctrine that does not rely on words and letters,,,,
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不能自主的,involuntary,,,,
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布施,giving/generosity,,dāna,,
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参禅,meditative practice,,,,
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惭,shame/decency/propriety/conscience,,hrī,,
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差别假立寻思,the investigation of designated differences,,,,
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禅修,Meditation,,,,
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禅宗,Chan School,,,,
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常住义工,regular volunteers,,,,PDB
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嗔,ill will/aversion/irritation/antipathy/hatred/anger/hostility; malice,The mental factor of negative emotion regarding situations or things that run counter to oneʼs own disposition; which prevents the body and mind from having stability.,dveṣa,,DDB
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成佛,achievement/attainment of Buddhahood,,,,
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痴,delusion/stupidity/folly/ignorance/confusion; unenlightened,The state of confusion regarding all relative and absolute truths. From this unenlightened condition arises every kind of affliction.,moha,,DDB
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持戒,observe precepts/maintain morality,,śīla-dhara,,
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出家众,renunciates,,,,
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出离,renunciation,"The conviction to be liberated or to emerge from rebirth in SAṂSĀRA, whether one is following the path of the ŚRĀVAKA or PRATYEKABUDDHA in order to become an ARHAT, or is following the BODHISATTVA path in order to become a buddha.",nairyāṇika,,
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出离心,renunciation (of samsara); super-mundane mind,the conviction to be liberated or to emerge from rebirth in samsara. the preliminary and conditional turning away from the things of this world and turning toward nirvana.,nirveda,nibbidā,PDB
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串习,habituate/repeatedly cultivate; habituation(formation of habit); habit,,,,
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慈悲,compassion,,,,
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慈心,loving-kindness,,,,
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次第,order/sequences,,,,
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粗重,dysfunctional tendencies ,,,,
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粗重的烦恼,major afflictions,,,,
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大乘百法明门论,The Treatise on the Hundred Dharmas: A Gate to Understanding the Mahāyāna,,,,
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大圆镜智,great perfect mirror wisdom/mirrorlike wisdom,"As a great round mirror reflects all forms exactly as they are, so does the cognition of the Buddha. A clear, undefiled mind. ",ādarśajñāna,,DDB
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道场,platform/seat/site of enlightenment/wisdom/practice,"The place where enlightenment is achieved. This refers initially to the ground under the bodhi tree, where the Buddha was seated at the time of achieving his full enlightenment. A place where religious practice is carried out, or where the Buddha is worshipped. A place where the precepts are given. ",bodhimaṇḍa,,
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道次第,Lamrim; the Stages of the Path (to Enlightment),,,,
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道次第实修手册,Practical Manual of the Stages,,,,
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道前基础,,,,,
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地狱众生,hell denizens,,nāraka,,
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掉举,"restlessness and worry；frivolity, agitation, excitement，restlessness, unsettledness, falling",,auddhatyakaukṛtya,,
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定,concentration/stillness,,samādhi,,
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定/三昧,concentration/samadhi,"a foundational term in Buddhist meditation theory and practice, which is related to the ability to establish and maintain onepointedness of mind.",samādhi,,PDB
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独觉,Solitary Enlightened One/Solitary Realizer/Pratyeka-Buddha,,,,
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度,"convert (a person),cross over (a person),take across to",,,,
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度众生,saving sentient beings ,,,,
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断德,breaking attachment,,,,
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断德,the merit of severing affliction,【三德】 Three aspects of the Buddha's virtue: (1) The merit of his compassion; (2) the merit of severing affliction; (3) the merit of his wisdom.,,,FROM:【《英汉-汉英-英英佛学辞典》中华佛典宝库编】
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饿鬼,ghosts,,preta,,
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二元对立,duality and opposition,,,,
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发菩提心,,"To make the resolve to attain supreme enlightenment. The 'idea,' 'intention,' or 'thought' of 'awakening' is the aspiration to attain Buddhahood for the sake of helping all living beings. To 'give rise' to that aspiration is take the first step on the bodhisattva path (the path to Buddhahood), and is extoled as such in Mahayana sūtra and commentarial literature.",bodhi-citta-utpāda,,
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发心,arouse the mind; give rise to the aspiration of…/make the resolve to attain…; aspiration,"The arousal of the thought, resolve, or sincere and earnest intention to attain enlightenment, especially for the sake of saving other sentient beings. To make up the mind to; to set out for perfect enlightenment.",bodhi-citta-utpāda,,DDB
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发愿,make a vow,"To vow, resolve; to give rise to the intention to save all sentient beings. To arouse the aspiration for enlightenment, or rebirth in the Pure Land.",,,DDB
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法,Dharma,,,,
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法,dharma,,,,
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法界,dharma realm,the universe as governed by the law of cause and effect.,dharma-dhātu,,DDB
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法器,Dharma-vessel,"(1) Someone who is suitably prepared to believe and understand the teachings of Buddhism. (2) In the Chan tradition, one who is capable of being entrusted with the. (3) A ritual vessel used in Buddhist ceremonies.",,,FROM:【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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法身,truth/dharma body,,dharmakāya,,
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法随法行,making an effort to practice accordingly to accord with Buddha Dharma,,,,
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法义,"Dharma,Dharma-talk,Dharma-text",,,,
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法执,clinging/attachement to a self in phenomena/the reality of phenomena,The belief that the compositional elements of existence are inherently real. unconscious attachment to the reality of phenomena.,dharmātmagraha,,
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法执,attachment to the teachings,,,,
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凡夫,unenlightened person,A person at the mundane level of cognition and practice.,bāla,bāla,DDB
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凡夫心,ordinary/unenlightened (people's) mind,As distinguished from Buddha mind.,,,DDB
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烦恼,affliction/defilement/mental disturbance/emotional negativity,"All of the thoughts, words, actions and emotions which arise and cease based on nescience and desire which keep human beings trapped in the cycle of birth and death, and which result in suffering. Therefore, Buddhism teaches methods for attaining nirvana/enlightenment as a means of eliminating the afflictions.",kleśa,,
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方便,skillful/expedient means,,,,
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放逸,dissipation/self-indulgence/profligacy/lack of discipline/ debauchery,"To abandon oneself to secular enjoyment, such as watching plays, singing and dancing, comedy acts, etc. Playing with oneʼs energy. Not holding strictly to the cultivation of wholesome mental states and repelling evil. ",pramāda,pamāda,DDB
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分别,discrimination,,,,
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佛随念,,,Buddhānusmṛti,,
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福报/福德,merit,"The store of wholesome karma created by the performance of virtuous deeds, which fructify in the form of happiness in the future. This merit may be accumulated over many lifetimes and dedicated toward a specific outcome, such as a favorable rebirth for oneself or another, or the achievement of buddhahood.",puṇya,,
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公案,koan/public record/precedent,"Better known in the West by its Japanese pronunciation kōan, a word that has now entered common English parlance as “koan.”The term is widely used in the Chan school in a way that conveys both denotations of a legal precedent and a story.",,,PDB
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功德,spiritual virtue/meritorious quality,,guṇa,,
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共业,shared karma,"Karma that is held in common by certain groups of people. Effects that are shared with others as a result of their sharing in the same activities. For example, the fact that people experience their environment and the things of the natural world in the same way is explained by the fact that they share in the same flow of activity.",sādhāraṇa-karman,,DDB
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观,insight/contemplation/vipassana,a technical term for an understanding of reality (either conceptual or nonconceptual) at a level of mental concentration equal to or exceeding that of calmness (śamatha).,vipaśyanā,vipassanā,PDB
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观禅,insight meditation/vipassana,,,,
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观慧/智,observing/observation wisdom,The wisdom that penetrates to ultimate reality.,,,DDB
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观念,perception,,,,
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观想,visualization practice,,,,
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观想,visualize,,,,
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观照（力）,observe/contemplate; power of contemplation/contemplative power,,,,
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观照力,observation power/ability,,,,
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皈依,take refuge/trust in absolutly,"To venerate the Three Treasures of Buddhism (the Buddha, the Dharma and the saṃgha). To have full and perfect trust in the Buddhaʼs teaching. To 'turn to and rely upon.'",śaraṇa,saraṇa,DDB
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皈依三宝,"take refuge in the three Jewels(the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha)",,,,
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过堂,have/take meals,,,,
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还灭门,gate to extinction,,,,
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行亦禅，坐亦禅，语默动静体安然,"walking is meditation, sitting is meditation, whether speaking or silent, moving or still, oneʼs body is at peace.",出自永嘉玄觉大师「证道歌」,,,
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话头,"keyword, critical phrase, principal theme, head phrase, Hua Tou",,,,
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回向,dedicate the merit,,,,
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慧,wisdom/insight/cognition,an understanding of reality that transcends ordinary comprehension,prajñā,,
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慧根,faculty of wisdom,,,,
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昏沉,sloth and torpor/drowsiness/dullness,,styānamiddha,,
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寂静," Stillness, quiescence, mental equipoise",,, sama,
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加行,"preparation for practice, preparatory practice, stage of initial application",,,,
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见地,,,,,
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接纳,accept/emprace,,,,
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结行,"practice ending, the ending of practice",,,,
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解脱,liberation/freedom/deliverance/release,The state of liberation from suffering and rebirth. The term is often used as a synonym for nirvāṇa.,mokṣa,,PDB
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解脱道,the path to liberation,,mokṣamārga,,
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解脱的用心模式/解脱相应心理,mind/mindset/mentality that leads to/corresponds to liberation,,,,
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戒,precept/behavioral discipline/moral discipline/morality,The rules of religious discipline.,śīla,,DDB
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尽虚空遍法界,to the end of space and throughout the entire Dharma Realm/until the end of the realm/As long as space and sphere of reality remains,,,,
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精进,vigor,,vīrya,,
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经行/行禅,walking meditation,,,,
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经教,The teaching of the scriptures,,,,
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觉察/知（力）,aware/awareness,To scrutinize thoroughly; examine carefully. To analyze phenomena in detail.,,,DDB
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觉醒,awakening/enlightenment,,,,
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觉性,enlightened nature,"The enlightened mind free from all illusion. The mind as the agent of knowledge, or enlightenment. ",,,DDB
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开示,preach a formal public sermon/elucidate the teachings,,,,
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开示,Dharma talk,,,,
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空,emptiness/voidness,"the lack or absence of intrinsic nature in any and all phenomena, the final nature of all things , and the ultimate truth.",śūnyatā,,PDB
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空性见,the view of emptiness,,,,
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苦,suffering/pain,,duḥkha,,
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愧,remorse/fear of blame/modesty,,apatrāpya,,
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离苦得乐,escaping from suffering and attaining joy,,,,
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离三过、具六想,,,,,
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理解,understand,,,,
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利行, purposeful behavior,,,,
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利他,altruism; altruistic; altruistic behaviors,,,,
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令心安住,abide/dwell on/set one's mind to,,,,
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流转次第,,,,,
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六尘,six dusts/objects,"They are the field of form, field of sound, field of odor, gustatory field, tactile field, and conceptual field. ",,,
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六道,six destinies/realms,,,,
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轮回,samsara/the cycle of birth and death/transmigration/reincarnation/cyclic existence,"This is the expression of the ancient Indian idea that all living things repeatedly pass through life and death. Like a continually spinning wheel, sentient beings are reincarnated and die without end. In Buddhism, one is said to transmigrate through the triple realm (desire, form and formless realms) and the six destinies (god, demigod, human, animal, hungry ghost, hell-being).",saṃsāra,,DDB
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轮回串习,samsaric habit,,,,
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轮回的用心模式/轮回相应心理,mind/mindset/mentality that leads to/corresponds to samsara ,,,,
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盲修瞎练,blind practice,,,,
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迷惑,delusion /confusion/perplexity/doubt,,,,
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名寻思,investigation of names,,,,
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明性/明,clarity/luminosity/enlightenment/consciousness,"(1) Knowing, consciousness. (2) The Vedas. (3) The wisdom of enlightenment; enlightenment (vidya^). (4) Illumination (prabha^, a^loka, avabha^sa). (5) Skilled, ingenious (kau/sala).",ānimitta,,"DDB,FoDict"
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难得易失,difficult to obtain and easy to lose,,,,
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内观,"internal observation
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introspect","Inner reflection; inner observation of the mind, or principles.",,,
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念,mindfulness/recollection/memory,commonly used in meditative contexts to refer to the ability to remain focused on a chosen object without forgetfulness or distraction.,smṛti,,
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念佛,To be mindful of the meritorious virtues of the Buddha,,,,
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念三恶趣苦,Contemplate the suffering of three evil destinies,,,,
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念死无常,mindful of death,,,,
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念头,thought,,,,
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宁静,tranquility,,,,
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平等舍/平等心,equanimity,"a term with at least four important denotations: (1) as a sensation of neutrality that is neither pleasurable nor painful; (2) as one of eleven virtuous mental concomitants, referring to a state of evenness of mind, without overt disturbance by sensuality, hatred, or ignorance; (3) as a state of mental balance during the course of developing concentration, which is free from lethargy and excitement; and (4) one of the four “divine abidings”, along with loving-kindness, compassion, and sympathetic joy. As a divine abiding, upekṣā indicates an even-mindedness toward all beings, regarding them with neither attachment nor aversion, as neither intimate nor remote.",,upekṣā,
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破迷开悟,Breaking the Blind Enlightenment，Broken fan enlightenment，Break the fans and be enlightened,,,,
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菩萨道,the path to enlightenment,,bodhi-mārga,,
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菩萨行,"Bodhisattva Deeds，
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The practices of the bodhisattva",,,,
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菩提道次第（略论）,The Middle-Lenghth Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment,,,,
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菩提道次第广论,The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightment,,,,
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菩提心,"the awakened/enlightened mind
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Bodhisatta Ideal",,bodhicitta,,
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菩提心,bodhicitta,"The awakened mind; the mind that perceives the real behind the seeming, believes in moral consequences, and that all have the Buddha-nature, and aims at Buddhahood. The aspiration to realize bodhi-wisdom, that is, perfect enlightenment. ",bodhicitta,,DDB
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菩提心,aspiration to help all sentient beings/aspiration to attain Buddhahood,The aspiration to help all sentient beings cross over to the other shore [of enlightenment] before doing so oneself. ,,,DDB
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普贤行愿,Prayer of Samantabhadra,, (Samantabhadra-carya-pranidhana),,
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普贤七支供,the Samantabhadra’s Seven Offerings ,,,,
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七因果,seven karmas,,,,
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亲近善知识,being close to good teachers,,,,
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轻安,tranquillity/serenity,The light and blissful bodily feeling that accompanies deep states of meditation,praśrabdhi,,
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求不得苦,the suffering of not-getting,"the suffering we experience when we can not obtain those things which we desire. This is one of the ""four and eight types of suffering"" (四苦八苦) taught by S/a^kyamuni in his exposition of the Four Noble Truths ",,,FoDict
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染污,afflictive,"To stain or taint. To soil clothes, etc. Dirt, filth, contamination. To contaminate the pure mind with defilements (2) To conceal, hide deceive; to be covered by filth.",,,
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忍辱,patience/forbearance,,kṣānti,,
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如法的,according to/agreeing with/in conformity with the Dharma,,,,
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如来藏,,,Tathāgatagarbha,,
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如理思维,"Rational thinking
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thinking match the truth",,,,
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如理作意,think reasonably in line with the Dharma,,,,
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如实,"True, real. To go along with reality; follow; accord with the truth",,,,
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入菩萨行论,A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life/Engaging in the Bodhisattva Deeds,,,,
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三宝,the three jewels/treasures; triple gem; triratna,"the three principal objects of veneration: the Buddha, the DHARMA, and the SAṂGHA.",ratnatraya,ratanattaya/tiratana,PDB
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三藏,"Tripitaka,buddhist canon,
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three baskets,
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Three Collections","The Buddhist canon, which is traditionally categorized into three divisions (""three baskets"")",,,
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三毒,three poisons,"The three basic afflictions from which all other afflictions are derived: (1) desire, craving (rāga); (2) anger, aversion (dveṣa); and (3) nescience, folly (moha). Also known as the three unwholesome roots and three stumps.",,,DDB
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三无漏学,three uncontaminated forms of training,,,,
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三学,three trainings,"three overarching categories of Buddhist practice. First is the training in higher morality, which encompasses all forms of restraint of body and speech, including lay and monastic precepts that serve as the foundation for the cultivation of the succeeding stages of concentration and wisdom. Second is the training in higher concentration, which encompasses all forms of meditative practice directed toward the achievement of states of concentration. Third is the training in higher wisdom, which includes all forms study and reflection that are directed toward developing insight into the true nature of reality. These three trainings are said to subsume all of the constituents of the noble eightfold path.",triśikṣā,tisikkhā,PDB
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散乱,distraction/disturbance; loose/disconnected/ scattered/disordered ,A condition of the mind of wandering through the fields of the six senses and not stopping for an instant.,vikṣepa,,DDB
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善法,good dharma,,,,
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善所缘,,,,,
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上士道,"the Stages of the Path of Great Beings,
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highest characteristics,
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persons of great capacity",,,,
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深信,be deeply convinced; firmly believe,,,,
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深信业果,the faith of conviction in karma and its effects,,,,
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生命品质,life quality,,,,
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胜解,determination/resolution; excellent understanding,"Resolve; devoted interest; to be interested in, inclined to. The Chinese translation, which reads more like 'excellent understanding' can be interpreted to mean that one who has devoted interest in something will gain excellent understanding of it.",adhimokṣa,,
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胜义菩提心,the ultimate spirit of enlightenment/ultimate spirit of Bodhicitta/the ultimate bodhicitta,,,,
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十二部,"Twelve Divisions,The twelve divisions of the Buddhist canon",,,,
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十二因缘,twelve links of dependent arising,"When inquiring into what it is that gives rise to human suffering, the Buddha found it to be a continuum of twelve phases of conditioning in a regular order. These twelve links of conditioned existence are: ignorance, action-intentions, consciousness ,name and form, the six-fold sphere of sense contact, contact, sensation, desire, grasping, becoming, birth, and old age and death.",dvādaśa-astanga pratītyasamutpāda,,DDB
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十方三世,ten directions in the three times/through all space and time,"The ten directions are east, west, south, north, the four intermediate directions, above and below. The three times are past, present, and future. ",,,DDB
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十方三世一切众生,in the boundless universe and throughout the entire Dharma Realm,,,,
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实相般若,,,,,
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世俗串习,worldly customs and conventions,,,,
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世俗菩提心,The conventional spirit of enlightenment/Conventional spirit of Bodhicitta,,,,
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世俗菩提心,the conventional/worldly/mundane bodhicitta,,,,
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事寻思,investigation of substances,,,,
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受戒,ordained,,,,
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四念处,the four foundations of mindfulness,"The fourfold contemplation to be practiced after one has completed the exercise of tranquilizing oneʼs mind: contemplating oneʼs body as defiled, contemplating oneʼs feelings as painful, contemplating oneʼs mind as constantly changing, and contemplating things in general as devoid of inherent existence.",catvāri..ṣmṛty-upasthānāni,cattāro sati-paṭṭhānā,DDB
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四威仪,regulation of the four postures/four means of proper comportment ,"Walking, standing, sitting (especially in a cross-legged, or meditative posture), and lying down. These four postures, or four means of comportment are said to circumscribe all human activity, especially with regard to monastic practice. If one walks, stands, sits and even sleeps (lies down) in accord with the Vinaya, then that person is fully undertaking his monastic vows.",catur-vidhacāra,,DDB
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四无量心,Four Immeasurable Minds,,catvāri-apramānāṇi,,
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四种如实智,four kinds of cognition of things as they really are,,,,
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四种寻思,four kinds of investigations,,,,
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贪,attachment,,,,
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贪,greed/craving/sensual attachment/covetousness; to hanker after,The mental action of attaching to objects and situations that one finds to be compatible to oneʼs own disposition.,rāga,,DDB
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天,divinities,,deva,,
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听闻规则,how to listen to the teaching,,,,
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听闻正法,listening to the right dharma,,,,
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同情,empathize,,,,
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同事,"(1) To cooperate, to work together, to help each other. (2) To participate in the affairs of sentient beings in order to help them.
|
||
",,,,
|
||
妄念/心/想,deluded/defiled/attached/incorrect/mistaken thought/mind,a mind that gives rise to error. the mind incapable of apprehending the original essence of things.,,,DDB
|
||
微细的烦恼,subtle afflictions,,,,
|
||
唯识,"the Consciousness-only, theory of consciousness-only, Vijnanamatra",,citta-ma^tra,,
|
||
唯识,mind-only,the external world of the senses does not exist independently of the mind and that all phenomena are mere projections of consciousness.,cittamātra,,PDB
|
||
未修中间,during the intervals of not cultivating,,,,
|
||
文字般若,,,,,
|
||
闻思,the two kinds of wisdom of hearing and thinking; learn and contemplate,,,,
|
||
闻思修,"Hearing, thinking and meditating on the Dharma
|
||
Hearing, thinking and practicing",,,,
|
||
我执,clinging/attachement to (the reality of a) self/permanent personality,"The attachment to the notion of an enduring, inherent self.",ātmagraha,attagaha,DDB
|
||
无常,impermanence,"compounded objects created by causes and conditions are inevitably subject to change, decline, and finally destruction.",anitya,anicca,PDB
|
||
无嗔,non-/no/absence of/free from ill-will/anger,,adveṣa,,
|
||
无痴,non-/no/absence of/free from delusion,A lack of delusion in the mind; the presence of a clear view regarding objects. It has the correct practice informed by ascertainment of thusness as its nature.,amoha,,
|
||
无明,ignorance/nescience/delusion,"As the fundamental misunderstanding of reality that underlies all of the suffering of unenlightened people, it is the first of the twelve links of dependent arising.",avidyā,avijjā,DDB
|
||
无始,beginningless,"Refers to a situation where no matter how far back (in time) one goes, a beginning point cannot be found. Without beginning, as is the chain of transmigration.",anādi,,
|
||
无始以来,since beginningless time,,,,
|
||
无所得,no attainment ,,,,
|
||
无贪,non-/no/absence of/free from craving/coveting,The function of the mind of keeping itself from being infected by avarice. A lack of covetousness—actively disliking and distancing from the object of desire. A mental state of counteracting the mindʼs tendency to crave after the object of desire. ,alobha,,
|
||
无我,noself/nonself/selflessness,"since all compounded things are the fruition of a specific set of causes and conditions, they are therefore absent of any perduring substratum of being.",anātman,anattā,PDB
|
||
无相,featureless/signless,,,,
|
||
无住,non-abiding ,,,,
|
||
无自性空/空,empty of intrinsic nature/ emptiness,"1）DDB：all persons and phenomena are empty of an intrinsic nature；2）) FoDict：'emptiness', 'non-existence', 'voidness.' (/su^nyata^, /su^nya); The opposite of 有--the negation of existence. As the rejection by the Buddha of this 'emptiness' being simply the mistaken view of 'nothingness' 虚无, this basic Buddhist teaching of emptiness is the negation of the two mistaken views of the acceptance of the real existence of a self 我, and the understanding of an eternal nature of the compositional elements (法) that make up the world or the self. ",svabhāvaśūnya,,PDB，FoDict
|
||
五欲,five desires,"1) Five kinds of desire that arise from attachment to the objects of eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and body. 2) The five desires of wealth, sex, food, fame, and sleep.",,,DDB
|
||
五蕴,five aggregates,,,,
|
||
五蕴炽盛苦,the suffering of the five appropriated aggregates,,,,
|
||
暇满人身,optimum human form/well-endowed human form/human life endowed with leisure and opportunity,,,,
|
||
下士道,"the stages of the path of lesser beings
|
||
minimum characteristics
|
||
persons of small capacity",,,,
|
||
懈怠,laziness/idleness/indolence,,,,
|
||
心地功夫,mind-ground Gongfu,,,,
|
||
心行,mindfulness of mental functions,,,,
|
||
心灵觉醒之路,The path to spiritual awakening,,,,
|
||
心态,mentality,,,,
|
||
信,faith/belief/confidence/conviction/trust,"Faith has a wide range of meanings in Buddhism, ranging from a kind of mental clarity and positive disposition toward the Buddha, to a sense of conviction about the efficacy of the Buddhist path, to a commitment to follow that path.",śraddhā,,
|
||
修行,practice; perform/cultivate/practice,,,,
|
||
修学,learn and practice,,,,
|
||
修学之路,the path of learning and practicing,,,,
|
||
修证,"practice and realization,the realization resultant of practice",,samuda^gama,,
|
||
虚妄,"falsehood, fabricated；",,,,
|
||
虚妄分别,false discrimination;,Imaginative construction of that which is nonexistent,vikalpa,,
|
||
学佛,to study and practice Buddhism; to emulate the Buddha,,,,
|
||
学员,students,,,,
|
||
业果,karmic fruits,,,,
|
||
业力,karma,,,,
|
||
一大堆混乱的情绪，再加上一大堆错误的想法,a lot of messy emotions and wrong thoughts,,,,
|
||
依止,reliance,,dependence,,
|
||
义大,"signality, significant, important, critical",,,,
|
||
因缘因果,the law of cause and effect,,,,DDB
|
||
应机设教,according to the living environment and the root of all living beings,,,,
|
||
勇猛精进,"Courageous and diligent;
|
||
Great, courageous, unswerving energy applied toward(the attainment of the goal of liberation)",,,,
|
||
用心,apply/use one's mind; intention,,,,DDB
|
||
用心能力,ability to apply the mind,,,,
|
||
用心习惯,habit of using the mind,,,,
|
||
有漏,contaminated; tainted; outflow,,sāsrava,,
|
||
瑜伽菩萨戒品,Treatise on the Foundation for Yoga Practitioners,,,,
|
||
欲,zeal/desire-to-act,,chanda,,
|
||
欲,sensuality,,kāma,,
|
||
圆满," (1)To fill (up). To satisfy. To complete, to consummate; especially completion of wisdom. (2) To possess qualifications, to fulfill conditions. (3) To supply what is missing. (4) Complete, lacking nothing. To be in full possession of something.",,,,
|
||
緣起,dependent arising/conditioned genesis/dependent co-arising/interdependent arising ,"Everything arises from conditions; there is nothing that arises out of nothing; there is nothing that arises of itself; and things do not come into existence through the power of an external Creator. Thus, there is nothing that is self-contained, independent, or which has its own separate and independent nature. All phenomena are given rise to due to the mutual relationships of countless causes and conditions and are not independently existent. ",pratītya-samutpāda,paṭicca-samuppāda,DDB
|
||
缘,condition,Indirect cause; secondary cause; associated conditions. Referring generally to the subsidiary factors whose concomitance results in the production of an effect from a cause.,pratyaya,,
|
||
缘起性空,the empty nature of conditioned-arising,,,,DDB
|
||
怨憎会苦,the suffering of encountering what is unpleasant,,,,
|
||
愿心,,,,,
|
||
在家居士,lay practitioner,,,,
|
||
增上缘,"causes beyond those of immediate motivation/dominant condition
|
||
",,,,
|
||
真实语,true words,,the words of the Buddha,,
|
||
正遍知,omniscience ,,,,
|
||
正行,"Right Action, Correct practices; correct behavior","Following the correct way, which, in early Indian Buddhism, will lead to the attainment of arhatship.
|
||
|
||
the fourth of the Eightfold Path; respect for life (do not kill), property (do not steal) and personal relationship (no sexual misconduct) so as to purify one's mind and body.",,"samma^-pat!ipatti, pasati)",
|
||
正见,right understanding/right view,,,,
|
||
正念,"right/correct mindfulness
|
||
Right Remembrance
|
||
Correct thought","looking on the body and the spirit in such a way as to remain ardent, self-possessed, and mindful, having overcome both hankering and dejection.",samyaksmṛti,,
|
||
正念,right/correct mindfulness,commonly used in meditative contexts to refer to the ability to remain focused on a chosen object without forgetfulness or distraction.,samyaksmṛti,sati,PDB
|
||
正念禅修,mindfulness meditation,,,,
|
||
正知,clear comprehension/introspection,the factor that observes the mind to determine whether it has strayed from its object.,saṃprajanya,sampajañña,PDB
|
||
正知正念,clear comprehension and right mindfulness,,,,
|
||
知见,"wisdom and insight, knowledge and views, knowledge and vision; seeing with wisdom, to know by seeing; informed view, an understanding based on knowledge,becoming aware, intellection, the function of knowing, views, doctrines",,,,
|
||
执着,attachment/clinging/grasping,,,,
|
||
止,stillness/calmness/serenity/quiescence/tranquillity/samatha,the mental peace and stability that is generated through the cultivation of concentration. It is defined technically as the specific degree of concentration necessary to generate insight into reality and thus lead to the destruction of the afflictions.,śamatha,samatha,PDB
|
||
止禅,concentrtation meditation/samatha,,,,
|
||
止观,calmness and insight,a meditative state that combines the clarity and stability of śamatha with the understanding of the nature of reality associated with vipaśyanā.,śamathavipaśyan,samathavipassanā,PDB
|
||
智慧/般若,wisdom/prajna,"An important aspect of the correctly functioning (enlightened) mind that perceives things in their true nature, and therefore acts to sever delusion and harmful habituation. One of the six perfections.",prajñā,paññā,DDB
|
||
中观,,,Madhyamaka ,,
|
||
中士道,"the stages of the path of intermediate beings,
|
||
middling characteristics,
|
||
persons of medium capacity/ small capacity",,,,
|
||
众生,sentient beings,,,,
|
||
诸法唯识,all phenomena are mere projections of consciousness,,,,PDB
|
||
助缘,cooperative conditions,,,,
|
||
专注（力）,concentrate; concentration/stillness,,avadhāna,,
|
||
转凡成圣,transform worldling/ordinary man/unenlightened person into a sage/saint/wise man,,,,
|
||
转迷为悟,transform delusion into enlightenment,,,,
|
||
转染成净,,,,,
|
||
转识成智,"from knowledge to wisdom,transformation of knowledge to wisdom",,,,
|
||
自他相换,"Tonglen；
|
||
设身处地 place oneself in others' position，put oneself in another's place，put oneself in another's place， judge of others as we should if we were in their place; look at sth. from the angle of others;
|
||
换位思考transpositional consideration/transpositional consideration",,,,
|
||
自性,self-nature/intrinsic existence/inherent existence,"a hypostatized and reified nature that is falsely attributed to phenomena by ignorance, such that phenomena are mistakenly conceived to exist in and of themselves.",svabhāva,,PDB
|
||
自性假立寻思,the investigation of the designated intrinsic natures,,,,
|
||
自由/自在/自主,autonomy/sovereignty/independence/freedom/omnipotence/mastery/unimpededness,The ability of an enlightened being to function freely without any material or mental constraints — without any hindrance from afflictions or cognitive error.,vaśitā,,DDB
|
||
祖师,patriarch,eminent teachers in lineages that are claimed to trace back to ŚĀKYAMUNI Buddha or even earlier buddhas.,,,PDB
|
||
座上修,On-Seat Meditation ,,,,
|
||
座下修,Under-Seat Meditaion,,,,
|
||
三法印,Three seals/ Three Universal Truths/Three Universal Characteristics,"The three marks of the law. Three aspects of the Buddhist teaching that clearly distinguish it from non-Buddhist teachings: all things are impermanent, all things lack inherent existence (no-self), and that nirvana is perfect quiescence. ",tri-dṛṣṭi-namitta-mudrā,dhammamuddā,DDB，PDB，FoDict
|
||
善逝,well gone,"Well departed, gone as he should go. The fifth of the ten epithets of the Buddha.","svayaṃ-bhū, bhagavat, kṣema-gāmin",sugata,DDB〔法華經 T 262.9.19b11〕
|
||
福田,field of merit/field of blessings,"(1) A reference to the three treasures: the Buddha, the sangha and dharma; also, one's parents and the poverty-stricken. These are the objects toward which one should direct his/her religious practice. (2) The place where people nurture and develop their meritorious virtues. (3) The practices which lead to enlightenment.",puṇya-kṣetra; dakṣinīya,puñña-kkhetta,DDB
|
||
心王,mind-king,"The overall cognitive function of oneʼs consciousness, as opposed to the distinctive mental functions which belong to it (called 心所). / The basic essence of the mind—the source of cognitive function, the ālayavijñāna 阿賴耶識.",,,DDB
|
||
信众,believer/followers,,,,
|
||
嗔恨,hatred,,,,
|
||
诸行无常,1) all conditioned things are impermanent；2) all things are in a state of incessant change,"1) FoDict:All things are in a state of incessant change. All conditioned things are in continual motion. One of the three seals of the Buddhist doctrine. 2) DDB: All conditioned things are in continual flux. A corollary of this doctrinal proposition is that anything unconditioned 無爲 is beyond flux, and therefore genuinely eternal 常住. According to the doctrine of momentariness 刹那滅義, conditioned dharmas 有爲法 come to cease immediately upon arising, in the very same place that they arise. Therefore, while composite things may appear to move, the ultimate constituents of things, the conditioned dharmas, do not move. The first of the three seals 三法印 of the Buddhist doctrine.","anityābatasaṃskārāḥ, sarva-saṃskārā-anityāḥ, saṃskārânityatā",,"FoDict, DDB"
|
||
杂阿含经 ,Samyuktagama,,,,
|
||
两只毒箭,two poisoned arrows,,,,
|
||
证果,reach enlightenment / attain enlightenment/ achieve enlightenmen,The rewards of the various stages of attainment. ,,,PDB
|
||
忏悔,1）practice of repentance；2）confession of transgressions,"1）DDB: To repent of any negative actions one may have done in oneʼs present or past lives, so as to clear oneself of karmic obstacles that may be causing one worldly difficulties or restraining oneʼs spiritual progress ""Please forgive me for the crimes I have committed."" To confess oneʼs crimes before the Buddha. 2) PDB: the confession of unvirtuous deeds, either privately in the presence of a real or visualized representation of a buddha, or communally as part of a confession ceremony, such as the fortnightly monastic confession","pratideśayati, kaukṛtya",pāpadesanā;,"DDB, PDB"
|
||
烦恼,affliction,"All of the thoughts, words, actions and emotions which arise and cease based on nescience and desire which keep human beings trapped in the cycle of birth and death, and which result in suffering",kleśa; saṃkleśa,kilesa,"DDB,FoDict"
|
||
烦,"disturbance, annoyance",,,,
|
||
恼,vexation,"To worry; tribulations, anxiety; torment, irritation, annoyance. The mental action of self-affliction in coming to know oneʼs bad actions as bad actions and being stuck with this knowledge, yet not benefiting by the remonstrance of others. The mental action of self-affliction due to recollection of the past or present people, places and things that are unsuitable. ",,,DDB
|
||
心所,mental factors,"caitta. [alt. caitasika] (P. cetasika; T. sems byung; C. xinsuo; J. shinjo; K. simso 心所). In Sanskrit, “mental concomitants” or “mental factors.” In the ABHIDHARMA, the term encompasses those mental factors that accompany, in various combinations, the mind (CITTA) and its six sensory consciousnesses (VIJÑĀNA), viz., visual (lit. eye), auditory (ear), olfactory (nose), gustatory (tongue), tactile (body ), and mental.",,caitta,DDB
|
||
善,"wholesome, ",,,,
|
||
不善,unwholesome,,,,
|
||
无记,karmic indeterminacy,"Karmic neutrality; moral neutrality; lacking impact or karmic potency, expressed as 羸劣. One of the three qualities 三性 of all activities (karma)—distinguished from mental states that are either wholesome 善 or unwholesome 惡. ",,,DDB
|
||
做意,attention,,,,
|
||
触,contact,,,,
|
||
受,"feeling, sensation ",,,,
|
||
思,"deliberation, contemplation, meditation, consideration",,,,
|
||
遍行心所,univeralyly interactive mental functions,,,,
|
||
惭,"shame, decency, conscience, propriety",,,,
|
||
愧,"remorse, modesty",,,,
|
||
惭,Conscience,"Conscience, or self-motivated shame for oneʼs wrongdoings (Skt. hrī). In the Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya, one of the ten virtuous mental factors 大善地法, and in Yogâcāra, one of the eleven wholesome mental factors 十一善. It refers to sense of conscience that brings one to reflect on oneʼs self-centered evil actions. According to the Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya, the difference between conscience and shame (apatrāpa 愧) is that the dominant factor in conscience is oneʼs own sense of moral scruple 自增上, while the dominant factor in producing shame is oneʼs embarrassment 恥 in the face of others 他增上 (Skt. trapā, apatrāpya, hirimat, hiri, hrīmat; Tib. ngo tsha shes pa). ",,,DDB
|
||
愧,shame,"Or scruple. One of the ten wholesome mental factors detailed in the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya 大善地法, one of the eleven wholesome mental factors 十一善 in Yogâcāra; the mental function of having the sense to reflect on whether oneʼs actions will cause harm. Often seen used in the compound 慚愧 where 慚 means conscience—reflection within oneself, and 愧 means shame in the face of other people (Skt. vyapatrāpya, apatrāpya, apatrapā; apatrapaṇatā, apatrāpa, otrāpya, lajjin, vyavatrāpya, hrī; Tib. khrel yod pa). ",,,DDB
|
||
放逸,"unconscientiousness, dissipation, self-indulgence",,,,
|
||
放逸,negligence,"Dissipation, careless(ness); self-indulgence; profligacy; lack of discipline, debauchery (Skt. pramāda, pramāditā, pramādin, pramādya, pramatta; Pāli pamāda; Tib. bag med pa). Unruly, unbridled, uncontrolled. ","pramāda, pramāditā, pramādin, pramādya, pramatta; ",pamāda,DDB
|
||
常见,eternalism,,,,
|
||
断见,nihilism,,,,
|
||
阿赖耶识,Alaya Consciousness,,,,
|
||
六尘,six Dusts,,,,
|
||
业力,Karma,,,,
|
||
持常见者,eternalist,,,,
|
||
持断见者,nihilist,,,,
|
||
功不唐捐,No good or evil deed is performed in vain.,,,,
|
||
楞伽经,Lankavatara Sutra,,,,
|
||
六识,six Consciousness,,,,
|
||
现量,perception,,,,
|
||
不共无明,independently-functioning ignorance,,,,
|
||
俱生我执,innat self-attachment,,,,
|
||
末那识,Manas Consciousness,,,,
|
||
八识规矩颂,Eight Kinds of Consciousness Practices Chant,,,,
|
||
阿弥陀经,the Amitabha Sutra,,,,
|
||
无量寿经,the Infinite Life Sutra,,,,
|
||
观无量寿经,the Sutra on the Visualization of Immeasurable Life,,,,
|
||
妄念,delusion,,,,
|
||
执着,"attachment, clinging, grasping, addicting",,,,
|
||
树欲静而风不止,"The trees long for peace, but the wind will never cease.",,,,
|
||
大夫（古官称）,"politician, minister, senior official, ","An official of the state in imperial Chinese government. A minister. Throughout history found as a suffix in many titles of relative importance, both functional such as Censor-in-chief 御史大夫 and honorific such as Specially Promoted Grand Master for Splendid Happiness 特進光大夫. ",,,DDB
|
||
烦,"disturbance, confusion",,,,
|
||
恼, vexation,"To worry; tribulations, anxiety; torment, irritation, annoyance. The mental action of self-affliction in coming to know oneʼs bad actions as bad actions and being stuck with this knowledge, yet not benefiting by the remonstrance of others. The mental action of self-affliction due to recollection of the past or present people, places and things that are unsuitable. ",,,DDB
|
||
无我,non-self,,,,
|
||
无常,impermanence,,,,
|
||
唯识经典,Conscousness-Only canon,,,,
|
||
因果法则,law of cause-and-effect,,,,
|
||
缘起,depent origination,,,,
|
||
因,cause,,,,
|
||
缘,condition,,,,
|
||
苦,"suffering, pain, bitterness",,,,
|
||
刹那 ,ksana,"A moment (Skt. kṣaṇa). The shortest unit of time, translated into Chinese as 念, 念頃, 念念,一念, but according to another definition 60 kṣaṇa (or 65) equal one finger-snap, and 90 equal a thought 念, 4,500 a minute; there are other definitions. In each kṣaṇa 900 persons are born and die.",,,DDB
|
||
断灭论,Annihilationism.,"The philosophical position arguing that sentient beings disappear entirely upon death. In Buddhism this is understood to be a mistaken view, which results from not discerning the principle of cause and effect that centers on the idea that the world or oneself can be destroyed.", uccheda-va^da,,DDB
|
||
一世论,,"there is complete extinction of the self after death, and thus only one period of time in one's existence",,,
|
||
两世论,,this present life and afterlife,,,
|
||
常见,Eternalistic view,The notion that the self and the objects of the world exist and persist. The opposite of the nihilistic view.,,,DDB
|
||
究竟,ultimate,"(1) Unsurpassed, final, extreme, best, ideal (atyanta). (2) Utmost, limit, extremity (nistha^). (3) To completely exhaust. Arrive. Reach, attain. To master (a topic). Especially, to arrive to the highest position of bodhisattvahood, or thorough enlightenment (nistha^-gamana). (4) To thoroughly realize or comprehend. (5) To truly make manifest (sama^pana). (6) Final goal. Becoming a Buddha (especially in Tiantai or Hua-yen) ",,,汉英-英汉-英英辞典
|
||
缘起,dependent arising/conditioned genesis/dependent co-arising/interdependent arising,"Everything arises from conditions; there is nothing that arises out of nothing; there is nothing that arises of itself; and things do not come into existence through the power of an external Creator. Thus, there is nothing that is self-contained, independent, or which has its own separate and independent nature. All phenomena are given rise to due to the mutual relationships of countless causes and conditions and are not independently existent",,,DOT术语库
|
||
缘起,"Dependent origination, conditioned genesis",The condition of relationship to something else resulting in arising or production.,prati^tya-samutpa^da,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
|
||
缘起,dependent origination,"of one thing on another); one of the core teachings in the Buddhist doctrinal system,The notion of the conditionality of all existence is foundational in Buddhism. “When this is present, that comes to be. / From the arising of this, that arises. / When this is absent, that does not come to be. / From the cessation of this, that ceases.” ",pratītyasamutpāda ,paṭiccasamuppāda ,PDB
|
||
三世论,,"the theory of three periods of time (past, present and future), which holds that life is changing and at the same time continuous, neither eternal nor nihilistic. ",,,译文
|
||
究竟圆满,enlightenment,,,,
|
||
解脱,liberation/freedom/deliverance/release, The state of liberation from suffering and rebirth. The term is often used as a synonym for nirvāṇa,,,DOT术语库
|
||
解脱,"Deliverance, salvation, liberation","especially from suffering, birth, old age and death","mukta, parimocana, visam!yoga, pramukta",,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
|
||
娑婆世界,Saha World/endurance world,World that must be endured,,,DDB
|
||
现世乐,,enjoyment in the present life,,,
|
||
来世乐,,happiness of future lives,,,
|
||
涅槃究竟乐,,the ultimate happiness of Nirvana,,,
|
||
色身,body,,,,DOT术语库
|
||
色身,physical body,"In Sanskrit and Pāli, “physical body,” a term that seems to have been used originally to refer to the physical body of the Buddha, as opposed to the body or corpus of the Buddha’s marvelous qualities, which were referred to as the DHARMAKĀYA.",rūpakāya,,PDB
|
||
阿赖耶识,the Alaya Consciousness.,"The notion of the store consciousness arose out of early problems surrounding the continuity of both karmic potential and the afflictions (kleśa; nyon mongs) in a latent state (anuśaya; bag la nyal ba) that had been generated by the Abhidharma emphasis upon momentary processes of mind. How, after all, could these two essential components of saṃsāric existence, which are eliminated only toward the end of the path, continuously persist if oneʼs mental stream (saṃtāna; rgyud) were comprised solely of whatever dharmas (chos) were momentarily present and manifest in mind.The ālayavijñāna thus came to denote the mental processes that underlie each and every moment of the traditional six forms of manifest cognitive awareness (pravṛtti-vijñāna; 'jug pa'i rnam par shes pa)—a term coined to distinguish it from the continuous yet subliminal ālaya or 'home' awareness.",,,DDB
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业因,karma-cause,good or evil act as the cause of a good or evil effect,,,DDB
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解脱自在,,attaining liberation and freedom,,,
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名与实（名相与实相）,"名相： Name and form, name and appearance
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实相：reality",名相：that which is seen with the eyes and that which is heard with the ears,,,"名相：《英汉-汉英-英英佛学辞典》中华佛典宝库编
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实相：BAICKZ202010词库"
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自性,Own-nature; self-nature,"As unchanging essence or principle, this notion is refuted by the Buddhist doctrine of emptiness",,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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欢喜,"Happiness, joy, bliss","A joy that is produced by religious fulfillment, that which uplifts the whole person.",,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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假名,dependent designation,, prajn~apti,pan~n~atti,dependent designation「假名施设」来自《菩提道次第略论广论》中英文对照，巴利语和梵文来自《佛光大辞典》
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名言, verbal expressions,Those things which are vehicles for expression,,,《英汉-汉英-英英佛学辞典》中华佛典宝库编
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错觉,hallucination,,gandharva,,《菩提道次第略论广论》中英文对照
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因缘和 合,"The union of causes and conditions.
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",,,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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安立,"To set up, establish, provisionally establish; to posit","A teaching, or description of reality that is made through distinctions,","pratistha^, pratisthita, ropana, vyavastha^na, sannive/sa",,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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"金刚般若波罗蜜经
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","The Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita Sutra
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",,,,"一行禅师翻译版
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"
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永恒,eternity,,,,《菩提道次第略论广论》中英文对照
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无常,impermanence,The fact that all things are impermanent is one of the basic premises of Buddhism,,,《英汉-汉英-英英佛学辞典》中华佛典宝库编
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如实,"True, real",To go along with reality,yatha^-bhu^tam,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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圆满,"To fill (up). To satisfy. To complete, to consummate",especially completion of wisdom,"paripu^ri, nispatti, sam!a^pti",,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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觉悟者：觉（悟）者," ""Awakened one,"" ""enlightened one."" The Buddha, a buddha.",,,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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解脱道,The path of liberation ,"One of the graduated paths of practices that appears in various Yoga^ca^ra texts, also one of the four paths taught in Abhidharma",vimoks!a-ma^rga,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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有情,Sentient being,"Before Hsüan-tsang 玄奘, this term was written in Chinese as zhongsheng 众生 but after his time was translated with this term. All living beings.",sattva,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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无明,Ignorance ," Literally, it means darkness without illuminatio",,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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正见," 'Right view,' 'correct view.'",the view which complies with the Buddhist teaching of causalit,,,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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八正道,Eightfold Path ,The eight right ways for the Arhat leading to Nirvana,,,
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因缘因果,"因缘：causes and conditions
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因果：Cause and effect","
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因果： If there is a cause there must be an effect and vice versa",,,"因缘：【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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因果：《英汉-汉英-英英佛学辞典》"
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善因,Good causation,a good cause for a good effect,,,"A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms
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"
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招感,associate,,,,《菩提道次第略论广论》中英文对照
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成住坏空,,,,,
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无我,Selflessness,"Absence of self, non-self. The lack of existence of an inherent self, soul, or self, from the standpoint of Buddhist analysis. The empirical self is merely an aggregation of various elements, and with their disintegration it ceases to exist; therefore it has no ultimate reality of its own. This is one of the most important philosophical concepts in all of Buddhism, and is understood as having been one of the primary realizations attained by Śākyamuni in his enlightenment experience . ","anātman, nairātmya","anattan, anattā","fodict, DDB"
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无我,Non-self,"the third of the “three marks” (TRILAKṢAṆA) of existence, along with impermanence (ANITYA)and suffering (DUḤKHA). since all compounded things are the fruition (PHALA) of a specific set of causes (HETU) and conditions (PRATYAYA), they are therefore absent of any perduring substratum of being. ",anattā ,anātman,PDB
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空,Emptiness,"The Sanskrit word is Sunya. One of the key concepts in Buddhism. Emptiness is an abstract idea representing impermanence, unreality, instability, transience and relativity in the nature of all existence. The doctrine states that all phenomena and the ego have no reality, but are composed of a certain number of Skandhas or elements, which disintegrate. The doctrine also states that everything is unstable, possessing no self-essence or self-nature, i.e., its own existence dependent or caused by the conditions of others' existence.
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Emptiness is not nothing, but it is the condition of existence of everything. It permeates all phenomena making possible their evolution.",Sunya,,fodict
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我执,self-clinging,"To posit a self; also written 我取, 人執. The attachment to the notion of an enduring, inherent self , which is the basis for the activity of all the afflictive hindrances 煩惱障. This attachment is considered to be something that can be eliminated by the practitioners of the two vehicles 二乘, being less subtle than the attachment to dharmas 法執 (Skt. ahaṃ-kāra, ātma-grāha, ahaṃkāra-manaskāratā, ahaṃ-kṛti, ātma-dṛṣṭi, ātma-sneha, ātmâbhiniveśa, ātmêti, ātmôpalambha, sāhaṃkāra-manaskāratā; Tib. nga rgyal, bdag tu 'dzin pa). 〔瑜伽論 T 1579.30.307c26, 成唯識論 T 1585.31.2a9〕 [Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura, Stephen Hodge, JEBD,Yokoi]
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Self-centeredness, egocentrism; attachment to the view that oneʼs opinion is right. [Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura, JEBD, Yokoi]",ātma-grāha,,"fodict, DDB"
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我执,self-attachment,"In Sanskrit, “clinging to self” or “conception of self”; the fundamental ignorance that is the ultimate cause of suffering (DUḤKHA) and rebirth (SAṂSĀRA). Although the self does not exist in reality, the mistaken conception that a self exists (SATKĀYADṚṢṬI) constitutes the most fundamental form of clinging, which must be eliminated through wisdom (PRAJÑĀ). ",ātmagraha,attagaha,PDB
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贪嗔痴,"greed, hatred and ignorance","The three basic afflictions from which all other afflictions are derived: (1) desire, craving (貪欲 rāga); (2) anger, aversion (瞋恚 dveṣa); and (3) nescience, folly (愚癡 moha). Also written more simply as 貪, 瞋 and 癡. Also known as the three unwholesome roots 三不善根 and three stumps 三株. ","rāga,dveṣa, moha",,"fodict, DDB"
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杀盗淫妄,"killing, stealing, sexual misconducts and lying",,,,fodict
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恶业,evil karma,"An unwholesome action; Evil deeds, as opposed to good deeds. Evil conduct of word, thought and deed, which leads to evil retribution. There are ten of these 十惡.",akuśala-karma,,"fodict, DDB"
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观照,contemplation,meditative enlightenment on reality,,,DDB
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执着,attachment,Holding to things and being unable to let go,"abhinive/sa, nibhandhana",,【汉英-英汉-英英辞典】
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四大假合,a provisional combination of four elements,"the physical world of materiality or form (RŪPA) is composed. According toABHIDHARMA analysis, these elements involve not only the common manifestations of earth (PṚTHIVĪ; P. paṭhavī), water (ĀPAS; P. āpo), fire (TEJAS; P. tejo), and wind (VĀYU; P. vāyu/vāyo), but also the fundamental qualities of the physical world that these elements represent. ",mahābhūta,mahābhūta,PDB
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本自具足,,,,,
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佛性,Buddha-nature,"In Sanskrit, “buddha-element,” or “buddha-nature”; the inherent potential of all sentient beings to achieve buddhahood. ",buddhadhātu,,PDB
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阿弥陀佛,Amitabha Buddha,"Amitaba is the Buddha of Limitless Light or Amitâyus (the Buddha of Limitless Life).It's a Buddha who possesses infinite meritorious qualities; who expounds the Dharma in his pure paradise (Sukhāvatī) in the West. According to tradition Amitâbha was in ancient times a king who, having come in contact with the Buddhist teaching, renounced his throne and became a monk with the name of Dharmâkara. He resolved to become a Buddha and in this way to come into possession of a paradise in which all who call his name might be born into a life of unbounded joy. ",,,DDB
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五欲,five desires,"1) Five kinds of desire that arise from attachment to the objects of eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and body. The desires of regular people. Also a reference to the five objects themselves in the sense that they are the cause of these desires: form, sound, fragrance, flavor, and tactility.
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2) The five desires of wealth, sex, food, fame, and sleep.",,,DDB
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华严,Huayan,"The Huayan (or Flower Garland) school of Buddhism is a tradition of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy that first flourished in China during the Tang dynasty. The Huayan worldview is based primarily on the Avatamsaka Sutra. The name Flower Garland is meant to suggest the crowning glory of a Buddha's profound understanding of ultimate reality. The Huayan School is known as Hwaeom in Korea, Kegon in Japan and Hoa Nghiêm in Vietnam. This tradition also had a strong influence on Chan Buddhism.",,,Wikipedia
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净宗,Pure Land school,"A broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism and one of the most widely practiced traditions of Buddhism in East Asia. Pure Land is a tradition of Buddhist teachings that are focused on the Buddha Amitābha. The three primary texts of the tradition, known as the ""Three Pure Land Sutras"", are the Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra, Amitayurdhyana Sutra and the Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra. Pure Land oriented practices and concepts are found within basic Mahāyāna Buddhist cosmology, and form an important component of the Mahāyāna Buddhist traditions of China, Japan, Korea, Tibet and Vietnam.Pure Land Buddhism is built on the belief that there will never be a world which is not corrupt, so the rebirth in another plane, referred to as the ""Pure Land"" is the goal.",,,Wikipedia
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念佛,remembrance of the Buddhaʼs name,"To be mindful of the meritorious virtues of the Buddha. Most well known as a practice of the Pure Land school, which entails the verbal chanting of the name of Amitâbha Buddha for the purpose of obtaining rebirth in the Pure Land. Repetition is done both audibly and inaudibly. It is one of the thirty-eight meditation subjects and the ten recollections. ",,,DDB
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轮回,samsara,"This is the expression of the ancient Indian idea that all living things repeatedly pass through life and death. Like a continually spinning wheel, sentient beings are reincarnated and die without end. In Buddhism, one is said to transmigrate through the triple realm (desire, form and formless realms) and the six destinies (god, demigod, human, animal, hungry ghost, hell-being).",saṃsāra,,DDB
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六尘,six objects,"The six fields of the senses, i. e. the objective fields of sight, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching, and thought.",,,DDB
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天台,Tiantai,"An East Asian Buddhist school of Mahayana that developed in sixth century China. The school emphasizes the Lotus Sutra's doctrine of the ""One Vehicle"" as well as Madhyamaka philosophy, particularly as articulated in the works of the fourth patriarch Zhiyi (538–597 CE). The name of the school is derived from the fact that Zhiyi lived on Tiantai Mountain, which then became a major center for the tradition. Tiantai is sometimes also called ""The Lotus School"", after the central role of the Lotus Sutra in its teachings. According to Paul Swanson, Tiantai Buddhism grew to become ""one of the most influential Buddhist traditions in China and Japan.""",,,Wikipedia
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三藏,Tripitaka,"The Buddhist canon, traditionally categorized into three divisions. These are the sūtra-piṭaka (sermons collection), vinaya-piṭaka (rules collection), and the abhidharma-piṭaka (philosophical treatises collection). ",tripiṭaka,tipiṭaka,DDB
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三宝,Triple Gem,"The basic set of three are (1) the Buddha; (2) the Dharma (Buddhist teachings), and (3) the Sangha (community of monks and nuns).",,,DDB
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十二部,Twelve Divisions of Sutras,"The sutras divided according to genre, including: 1) sūtra, the Buddhaʼs discourses; 2) geya, verses; 3) gāthā, verse part of a discourse; 4) nidāna, historical narratives; 5) itivṛttaka, activities of Buddha or his disciples in past lives; 6) jātaka, Buddhaʼs past life stories; 7) adbhuta-dharma, Buddhaʼs miraculous acts; 8) avadāna, legends; 9) upadeśa, didactic lessons; 10) udāna, teachings offered by the Buddha without prompting; 11) vaipulya, expanded teachings; 12) vyākaraṇa, guarantees of future attainment.",,,DDB
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极乐 ,ultimate bliss,"It's the highest joy (Skt. sukha). Also Sukhāvatī, the name of the Pure Land of Amitâbha Buddha.",,,DDB
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